Differences in adoption of selected practices used in welfare assessment and audit programs were contrasted among organic (ORG; n=192) herds and similarly sized conventional grazing herds (CON-GR; n=36), and conventional nongrazing herds (CON-NG; n=64). Criteria from 3 programs were assessed: American Humane Association Animal Welfare Standards for Dairy Cattle, Farmers Assuring Responsible Man...

OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of 3 commercially available, orally administered electrolyte solutions (OAEs) on abomasal luminal pH and emptying rate in dairy calves, compared with the effect of orally administered milk replacer. DESIGN Randomized crossover study. ANIMALS 6 male dairy calves (age, 12 to 31 days). PROCEDURES Calves were surgically instrumented with an abomasal cannula ...

Faecal samples from 291 dairy calves from 10 dairy herds in Kerman were examined to investigate theprevalence of Cryptosporidium infection. Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts were identified by using themodified Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique in 63 (21.65%) calves. Calves were grouped according to theirage as follows:

Group housing of preweaned dairy calves is a growing practice in the United States. The objective of this practice is to increase the average daily gain of calves in a healthy and humane environment while reducing labor requirements. However, feeding protocols, commingling of calves, and occurrence of disease in different calf-housing systems may affect the prevalence of antimicrobial drug-resi...

The aim of this study was to assess the effect protein source, either soybean meal (SM) or canola (CM), and microencapsulated sodium butyrate (MSB) supplementation in a pelleted starter mixture on development gastrointestinal tract (GIT) dairy calves. Twenty-eight bull calves (8.7 ± 0.8 d age 43.0 4.4 kg; mean SD) were assigned 1 4 treatments 2 × factorial arrangement: CM as main source without...

Mammalians undergo dramatic organ-specific as well as metabolic and endocrine changes after birth. Nutrient intake shifts from continuous glucose supply via the placenta to discontinuous colostrum and milk intake with lactose and fat as main energy sources. The development of the neonatal calf is influenced by colostrum intake when compared with colostrum replacement diets. Besides establishing...

Abstract Previous research demonstrated the growth promoting benefits of an essential oil/oligosaccharide blend (EO; Stay Strong, Ralco, Inc.) or encapsulated sodium butyrate (C4; Ultramix GF, Adisseo, fed to neonatal calves. The possibility exists technologies are additive based on individual mechanisms action. objective was evaluate EO and C4 alone combined when Holstein heifer calves raised ...