In 1988, the World Health Assembly resolved to interrupt wild poliovirus (WPV) transmission worldwide. By 2006, the annual number of WPV cases had decreased by more than 99%, and only four remaining countries had never interrupted WPV transmission: Afghanistan, India, Nigeria, and Pakistan (1). The last confirmed WPV case in India occurred in January 2011 (2), leading the World Health Organizat...

September 28, 2014, is the 8th annual World Rabies Day. Rabies is a fatal acute encephalitis caused by lyssaviruses (1). The number of human rabies deaths worldwide is estimated to exceed 55,000 each year (2). In the United States, wild animal reservoirs serve as the most important source of infection. However, over 90% of human deaths globally are caused by bites by rabid dogs (3). Rabies cont...

introduction & objective :without doubt, the largest human society’s misfortune after second world war is aids world conquering . at present , the best way of combat is to prevent the disease . giving knowledge to the health personnels and their understanding about risk factors of the disease can promote health and prevention of disease propagation . therefore this study has been done in order ...

The global tobacco epidemic contributed to 100 million deaths worldwide during the 20th century and continues to kill nearly 6 million persons each year, including approximately 600,000 from secondhand smoke. If current trends persist, an estimated 500 million persons alive today will die from the use of tobacco products. By 2030, tobacco use will result in approximately 8 million deaths worldw...

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BACKGROUND Rabies is a fatal disease, claiming the lives of around 59,000 people annually worldwide. It is considered a neglected and underreported disease leading to inadequate support from governments. Apart from dog vaccination and proper animal bite management, an integral part of a successful rabies control program is community education. The Philippine government conducts an extensive nat...

In the past two decades, the international health efforts have been focused on the control of infectious diseases in developing countries with noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) given a lower priority. 1 However, the incidence of NCDs including chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing in developing countries where primary care intervention for CKD is often inadequate. 2 The main international fo...