The Biological Immune System is a remarkable information processing and self-learning system that offers stimulation to build Artificial Immune System (AIS).During the last two decades, the field of AIS is progressing slowly and steadily as a branch of Computational Intelligence (CI). At present the AIS algorithms such as Negative Selection Theory, Clonal Selection Theory, Immune Networks Theor...

the system of land registration is protective formalism that is formed based on the theory of “public confidence”. this theory presumes that what reflected by the land registration offices is based on the legal fact. this theory, which provides legal stability and security in transactions, is manifested in three guiding principles including “mirror principle”, “curtain principle” and “insurance...

For many real-world systems, which exhibit complex, nonlinear, and hybrid behavior, it is important to accurately track and monitor the state and health of these systems. The continuous state estimation problem has been well studied, and a number of extensions of the Kalman filter to nonlinear systems have been proposed. Hybrid state estimation poses an additional challenge, because the model m...

Plato in Theory of Philosopher-King believes that all of the members of ideal city-state, whether ruler or citizens, will attain happiness if the philosopher is the ruler. But there are paradoxes in the theory and the bases of the happiness are unstable too. In other words, Plato in his theory presents hierarchical dualities (Intelligible/Visible world, Episteme/ Doxa,True/ Untrue Or Shadow, …)...

Researchers and policy makers are increasingly turning to multi-agent and dynamic-network multi-agent models to study real-world systems. The models hold particular appeal because of their intuitive representation of complex real-world systems that can be thought of as “complex systems.” Both policy makers and those affected by the policies influenced by these models often question whether a mo...