This study investigates whether or not the scale bias found in contingent valuation (CVM) studies on mortality risk reductions is a result of cognitive constraints among respondents. Scale bias refers to insensitivity and non near-proportionality of the respondents’ willingness to pay (WTP) to the size of the risk reduction. Two hundred Swedish students participated in an experiment where their...

This paper presents an incremental formal development of the Wireless Transaction Protocol (WTP) in Event-B. WTP is part of the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) architectures and provides a reliable request-response service. To model and verify the protocol, we use the formal technique Event-B which provides an accessible and rigorous development method. This interaction between modelling an...

Our paper makes use of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in order to derive the willingness to pay (WTP) for complex goods with a range of attributes and attribute levels. Weights obtained from the AHP are used to decompose the aggregate WTP obtained from Contingent Valuation (CV) in a hypothetical simulated market. The empirical analysis uses consumer-level questionnaires to elicit inform...

The general aim of a contingent valuation survey is to elicit the willingness to pay (WTP) of respondents for some (public) commodity without a clear market price. This could be a program to protect some environmental resource, or (as in our application) the access to a recreational area of particular interest. Such data have peculiarities like the presence of zero WTP and the fact that observa...

News consumption is evolving from offline newspapers to online news. Nevertheless, no profitable business model exists for online news, and publishers are still reporting drops in revenue. Personalized news aggregators (PNAs), which rely on new information and communication technologies, provide a new way to aggregate content that might provide the basis for a revenue model in order to design a...

Measuring the Willingness to Pay to Avoid Guilt: Estimation Using Equilibrium and Stated Belief Models We estimate structural models of guilt aversion to measure the population level of willingness to pay (WTP) to avoid feeling guilt by letting down another player. We compare estimates of WTP under the assumption that higher-order beliefs are in equilibrium (i.e. consistent with the choice dist...

Respondents reported willingness to pay (WTP) for mitigating carbon dioxide emissions after structured group discussion or without this deliberation. Deliberation did not affect mean or median WTP, but it increased the number of issues respondents considered, with some issues becoming more frequently considered and others less. Surveyonly respondents considered issues relevant for responding to...

This study compares an ordered probit model and a Tobit model with selection to take into account both true zero and protest zero bids while estimating the willingness to pay (WTP) for coi~servation easements in Macon County, NC. By comparing the two models, the ordere~Uunordered selection issue of the protest responses is analyzed to demonstrate how the treatment of protest responses can signi...

There exist some studies in Proportional Scheduling Algorithms for Differentiated Service Network which schedules the packets between different classes proportionally based on some metrics as bandwidth, loss, delay. In this paper, the behaviors of RJPS (Relative Jitter Packet Scheduler) and another proportional delay scheduler (WTP), as well as its influence at the Playout Buffer which uses Con...

This paper contributes to the widespread discussion of the sources of the divergence between WTA and WTP values. The theoretical and empirical investigations show that value and outcome uncertainty offer an explanation for this disparity. Given a set of hypotheses generated by the theory, the paper investigates the disparity using an induced-value experimental laboratory setting. The incentive-...