نتایج جستجو برای: x ray scattering
تعداد نتایج: 758129 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
The afterglows of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have commonly been assumed to be due to shocks sweeping up the circum-stellar medium. However, most GRBs have been found in dense star-forming regions where a significant fraction of the prompt X-ray emission can be scattered by dust grains. Here we revisit the behavior of dust scattering of X-rays in GRBs. We find that the features of some X-ray afterg...
samples are also often weak x-ray scatterers, due to the low electron density contrast. X-ray measurements on these samples therefore require high x-ray intensity as well as low x-ray divergence. Taking advantage of the NSLS-II source brightness, the LIX beamline will provide capabilities for transmission and grazing incidence x-ray scattering with tunable beam size and divergence, to support s...
X-ray bright quasars might be used to trace dust in the circumgalactic and intergalactic medium through the phenomenon of X-ray scattering, which is observed around Galactic objects whose light passes through a sufficient column of interstellar gas and dust. Of particular interest is the abundance of gray dust larger than m 0.1 m, which is difficult to detect at other wavelengths. To calculate ...
A bone has a hierarchical structure as shown in Fig. 1 [1]. Macroscopic bone properties are dependent on the microstructure and properties of structural elements. The bone is a composite material that consists of hydroxyapatite particles in a matrix of collagen fiber. Borsato et al. [2] measured the strain of hydroxyapatite by X-ray diffraction and obtained clear evidence of the stress concentr...
We have performed scanning x-ray nanobeam diffraction experiments on single cells of the amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum. Cells have been investigated in 1), freeze-dried, 2), frozen-hydrated (vitrified), and 3), initially alive states. The spatially resolved small-angle x-ray scattering signal shows characteristic streaklike patterns in reciprocal space, which we attribute to fiber bundles of ...
We present a proposal for a X-ray optical element suitable for X-ray microscopy and other X-ray-based display systems. Its principle is based on the Fresnel lenses condition and the Bragg condition for X– ray scattering on a slice of monocrystal. These conditions are fulfilled simultaneously due to a properly machined shape of the monocrystal with a stress at its ends.
Resonant elastic x-ray scattering (REXS) is an exquisite element-sensitive tool for the study of subtle charge, orbital, and spin superlattice orders driven by the valence electrons, which therefore escape detection in conventional x-ray diffraction (XRD). Although the power of REXS has been demonstrated by numerous studies of complex oxides performed in the soft x-ray regime, the cross section...
X-ray scattering images collected on timescales shorter than rotation diffusion times using a (partially) coherent beam result in a significant increase in information content in the scattered data. These measurements, named fluctuation X-ray scattering (FXS), are typically performed on an X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) and can provide fundamental insights into the structure of biological mol...
We have developed a new Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) technique by use of reflection geometry for determining particle / pore size distribution in thin film. In order to avoid strong specular reflection, we used offset scan (2θ / θ+δθ) for measuring scattering data. To deal with reflection and refraction at surface and interfaces, we calculated X-ray wave field in the film based on Distor...
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