The complexation of xylazine with β-cyclodextrin was studied in aqueous medium. (1)H NMR titrations confirmed the formation of a 1:1 inclusion complex. A ROESY spectrum was recorded with long mixing time which contained TOCSY artifacts. It only confirmed the presence of xylazine aromatic ring in the β-cyclodextrin cavity. No information regarding the mode of penetration, from the wide or narrow...

The administration of oral imipramine followed by intravenous xylazine may enable practitioners to collect semen from stallions relatively simply, without the aid of a mare or the use of an artificial vagina. Success rates can be very high for some stallions and conversely low for others. By paying careful attention to the method of teasing, drug protocol, and excitement level of the stallion, ...

Dystocia in the camelids is rare, however the exceptionally long neck and the fetal extremities predispose to flexion of these as a common cause of dystocia. A prolonged (<2 hr) second stage of labor, bloody vaginal discharge or colic is the frequent sign of dystocia. The maternal causes of dystocia for camelids include uterine torsion, pelvic immaturity, uterine inertia and cervical dilation f...

The purpose of this study was to quantitatively assess the pupillary light reflex (PLR) in normal and anesthetized dogs using a pupillometer. Eleven dogs (20 eyes) of various breeds were included. PLRs were measured with a handheld pupillometer in dim light before and during anesthesia. Anesthesia was conducted with atropine, xylazine and ketamine. Parameters of pupillometry included neurologic...

Xylazine (1.1 mg/kg), butorphanol (0.02 mg/kg), guaifenesin 5% (20 mg/kg), and ketamine (2.2 mg/kg) combinations were able to induce short-term surgical anaesthesia for 23.33 ± 2.57 min in Spiti ponies with excellent to good muscle relaxation and analgesia. Urination and neighing was a constant feature during recovery period. Biphasic P wave, biphasic T wave, and depressed PR segment were commo...

Introduction Since the small animal imaging generally requires anesthesia, anesthetic agents can induce unintended effects on animal physiology that may confound the results of imaging studies [1]. The use of isoflurane and ketamine/xylazine anesthesia is popular in imaging studies of laboratory animals. The striatum is the major input station of the basal ganglia system. It is involved in Park...