fuller, in 1989, described probiotic microorganisms as “a live microbial feed supplement,which beneficially affects the host animal, by improving its intestinal microbial balance”.saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii (s.boulardii) is an accurate probiotic yeast idol.the detection and budding of s.boulardiiis firmly related to the impression of healthinessto promote microorganisms from foodst...

endophytes are important resources of bioactive compounds and due to their potential in theproduction of secondary metabolites, they are regarded as a potential reservoir ofbiotechnological applications. in this study, the bioactivity of bacteria and yeasts endophytesresiding in thymus sp. was evaluated. during april to october 2011, symptomless and healthytissues of thymus sp. were collected. ...

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Bdf1p associates with the basal transcription complexes TFIID and acts as a transcriptional regulator. Lack of Bdf1p is salt sensitive and displays abnormal mitochondrial function. The nucleotidase Hal2p detoxifies the toxic compound 3' -phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphate (pAp), which blocks the biosynthesis of methionine. Hal2p is also a target of high concentration of ...

Cellular memory of past experiences has been observed in several organisms and across a variety of experiences, including bacteria "remembering" prior nutritional status and amoeba "learning" to anticipate future environmental conditions. Here, we show that Saccharomyces cerevisiae maintains a multifaceted memory of prior stress exposure. We previously demonstrated that yeast cells exposed to a...

The PEX11 family of peroxisome membrane proteins have been shown to be involved in regulation of peroxisome size and number in plant, animals, and yeast cells. We and others have previously suggested that peroxisome proliferation as a result of abiotic stress may be important in plant stress responses, and recently it was reported that several rice PEX11 genes were up regulated in response to a...

The Hal3 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae inhibits the activity of PPZ1 type-1 protein phosphatases and functions as a regulator of salt tolerance and cell cycle control. In plants, two HAL3 homologue genes in Arabidopsis thaliana, AtHAL3a and AtHAl3b, have been isolated and the function of AtHAL3a has been investigated through the use of transgenic plants. Expressions of both AtHAL3 genes a...

We report the characterization of rice OsHKT1 (Oryza sativa ssp. indica) homologous to the wheat K+/Na+-symporter HKT1. Expression of OsHKT1 in the yeast strain CY162 defective in K+-uptake restored growth at mM and micro M concentrations of K+ and mediated hypersensitivity to Na+. When expressed in Xenopus oocytes, rice OsHKT1 showed uptake characteristics of a Na+-transporter but mediated tra...

Members of the highly conserved class of BEACH domain containing proteins (BDCPs) have been established as broad facilitators of protein-protein interactions and membrane dynamics in the context of human diseases like albinism, bleeding diathesis, impaired cellular immunity, cancer predisposition, and neurological dysfunctions. Also, the Arabidopsis thaliana BDCP SPIRRIG (SPI) is important for ...

Free-living cells monitor extracellular 'osmotic strength' and respond metabolically to offset unfavourable osmotic intracellular solute concentrations. Here, we report the reconstruction of the Aspergillus nidulans salt stress-controlling MAP kinase pathway, based on homology analysis with known yeast genes. In A. nidulans, salt stress HOG genes, such as pbsA, hogA, ptpA and msnA, are upregula...

Fungal infections and antifungal resistance are increasingly recognized. Antifungal susceptibility testing remains unstandardized, and a particularly important problem is endpoint determination. In this paper we propose the yeast metabolic reduction of the tetrazolium salt 2,3-bis(2- methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-2H-tetraz olium hydroxide (XTT) as a colorimetric endpo...