traces of a class of social science and a philosophical interpretation of history could be found in the writings of famous religious and political figures as well as in some of acclaimed poets’ works of islamic era. in this regard, poems of ibn motaz, as a member of abbasid family and because of extensive tribal struggles between abbasids and alavis, are of considerable significance and are con...

and Shark kulliyyat al-Qanuin), all of which are among Ibn al-Quff's medical works which so far have remained unedited. Other plates represent medieval items and modem examples of art and architecture (ceramics, al-7ahiriyya Library, mosques, al-Madrasa al-'Adiliyya, Baptist Mission Hospital in CAjljfn, Citadel of al-Karak, etc.). Along the lines of his publication on al-Biriuni (see above) Ham...

Abstract The debates on Kulliyyāt I .1.ii of Ibn Sīnā’s Qānūn (“on the subjects medicine”) were initiated by Faḫr al-Dīn al-Rāzī and continued Afḍal al-Ḫūnaǧī, Naǧm al-Naḫǧawānī, Yaʿqūb ibn Ġanāʾim al-Sāmirī, Rafīʿ al-Ǧīlī, al-Nafīs, al-Quff al-Masīḥī. In his own commentary, entitled al-Tuḥfa al-saʿdiyya , Quṭb al-Šīrāzī preserved scrutinized predecessors’ commentaries, in order to offer what h...

Ibn Cena (1020 A.D.) described the anatomy of the human heart, ascending aorta and the inferior vein, and postulated anastomoses of the arteries with the veins in the extremeties to keep. the blood in circulation and suggested the presence Qf interatrial communication during the earlier stages of life. Abu Sahl Masihi (1027 A.D., elucidated the vena caval drainage into the right ventricle and t...

ali-ibn-e-abbas-al-majusi, well known as haly abbas in the west, a physician, surgeon and psychologist of buyid dynasty era, lived in the 10th century (a.d). he, along with tabari, razi, avicienna, and jorjani, established the foundation of islamic medicine. he authored “kamilu sina’at” or “al-kitab al-maliki” (the royal book), a book on medicine which was used in european universities until th...