While the invasive zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha has rapidly spread throughout the Great Lakes and inland waterways, it is being displaced by the quagga mussel Dreissena bugensis in shallow water habitats. However, zebra mussels remain dominant in areas with higher water velocity. We hypothesized that the persistence of zebra over quagga mussels in habitats with higher water velocity might ...

Invasions of nonnative species such as zebra mussels can have both ecological and economic consequences. The economic impacts of zebra mussels have not been examined in detail since the mid-1990s. The purpose of this study was to quantify the annual and cumulative economic impact of zebra mussels on surface water-dependent drinking water treatment and electric power generation facilities (where...

The viraemic period of African horsesickness is significantly longer in experimentally infected zebra than in horses. The virus could be isolated 40 d post-infection from blood and 48 d post-infection from spleen. The introduction of zebra into African horsesickness-free countries should therefore be considered carefully, and preferably be restricted to serologically negative zebra.

We wish to accept Gozlan’s (2008) invitation: ‘The aim of this paper is to open a critical debate on the real threat posed by the introduction of non-native fishes’ (p. 107). Gozlan (2008, p. 106) states that: ‘Here I show that on the global scale, the majority of freshwater fish introductions are not identified as having an ecological impact while having great societal benefits.’ We strongly d...

We study further CCZ-equivalence of (n,m)-functions. We prove that for Boolean functions (that is, for m = 1), CCZ-equivalence coincides with EA-equivalence. On the contrary, we show that for (n,m)functions, CCZ-equivalence is strictly more general than EAequivalence when n ≥ 5 and m is greater or equal to the smallest positive divisor of n different from 1. Our result on Boolean functions allo...

PRINCIPALS Over a million people worldwide die each year from road traffic injuries and more than 10 million sustain permanent disabilities. Many of these victims are pedestrians. The present retrospective study analyzes the severity and mortality of injuries suffered by adult pedestrians, depending on whether they used a zebra crosswalk. METHODS Our retrospective data analysis covered adult ...

An analysis of dinucleotide frequencies was carried out on DNAs from insects and mammals, as well as on large DNA sequences from the genomes of Drosophila melanogaster, Anopheles gambiae, puffer fish (Takifugu rubripes), zebra fish (Danio rerio) and human. These organisms were chosen because Drosophila and Anopheles DNAs have an extremely low level of methylation, human DNA a high level and fis...

Biological invasions of freshwater habitats are due to the accidental or deliberate introduction of organisms associated to aquaculture, sports fishing, passive transport by vessels, ornamental uses and man-made canals and corridors. In European freshwater habitats, about 296 species of alien invertebrate, mostly crustaceans, and 136 species of alien fish have been introduced (Gherardi et al. 2...

Mycobacterium marinum causes a systemic tuberculosis-like disease in a large number of poikilothermic animals and is used as a model for mycobacterial pathogenesis. In the present study, we infected zebra fish (Danio rerio) with different strains of M. marinum to determine the variation in pathogenicity. Depending on the M. marinum isolate, the fish developed an acute or chronic disease. Acute ...