a mobile manipulator robot is known as a complex system due to some properties such as coupling between the manipulator and mobile chassis, holonomic and nonholonomic constraints, multivariable and nonlinear dynamics. the control of robot faces the external disturbance, parametric uncertainty and unmodeled dynamics. therefore, the use of an adaptive fuzzy system is suggested for its capability ...

A “persistence” exponent θ has been extensively used to describe the nonequilibrium dynamics of spin systems following a deep quench: for zero-temperature homogeneous Ising models on the d-dimensional cubic lattice Zd, the fraction p(t) of spins not flipped by time t decays to zero like t−θ(d) for low d; for high d, p(t) may decay to p(∞) > 0, because of “blocking” (but perhaps still like a pow...