This paper presents a set of classical analytical solutions to heat conduction in a two-layer composite hollow cylindrical medium, which are derived by the method of Laplace transform. The subjected boundary conditions are general and included various combinations of constant temperature, constant flux, zero flux, or convection boundary condition at either surface. The new solution can reduce t...

In this paper, we simulate the focusing of a cylindrical vector beam (CVB) second order, using Richards–Wolf formula. Many papers have been published on CVB, but they did not report forming toroidal vortices energy (TVE) near focus. TVE are fluxes light in longitudinal planes along closed paths around some critical points at which flux is zero. 3D case, such form surface, and rotates circle lyi...

Na transport and electrical properties of Necturus renal proximal tubules were analyzed, in vivo, by a voltage clamp method which utilizes an axial electrode in the tubule lumen for passage of current and simultaneous determination of net fluid (or Na) flux by the split droplet method. When the average spontaneous transepithelial potential difference of -8 mv (lumen negative) was reduced to zer...

We introduce and apply a method to investigate the force-free character of the photospheric magnetic fields in solar active regions. The vertical current density, inferred from vector magnetograms, is decomposed into a helical (assumed field-aligned) component, and a component perpendicular to the magnetic field. Contrary to the classical method of calculating the integrated Lorentz forces, the...

The electronic properties of graphene are described by a Dirac Hamiltonian with a four-fold symmetry of spin and valley. This symmetry may yield novel fractional quantum Hall (FQH) states at high magnetic field depending on the relative strength of symmetry-breaking interactions. However, observing such states in transport remains challenging in graphene, as they are easily destroyed by disorde...

We have studied the superconducting behavior of a 100 nm Titanium Nitride (TiN) thin film in a perpendicular magnetic field. We found a zero field transition temperature of 4.6 K and a slope for the transition line in the H-T plane of −0.745 T /K. At 4.2 K, we have performed careful transport measurements by measuring both the differential resistivity and voltage as a function of a DC current. ...

Flagellated bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, are propelled by helical flagellar filaments, each driven at its base by a reversible rotary motor, powered by a transmembrane proton flux. Torque is generated by the interaction of stator proteins, MotA and MotB, with a rotor protein FliG. The physiology of the motor has been studied extensively in the regime of relatively high load and low speed...

We have studied mesoscopic Josephson junctions formed by highly n-doped InAs nanowires and superconducting Ti/Pb source and drain leads. The current-voltage properties of the system are investigated by varying temperature and external out-of-plane magnetic field. Superconductivity in the Pb electrodes persists up to ∼7 K and with magnetic field values up to 0.4 T. Josephson coupling at zero bac...

On the basis of the Moiseyev–Hirschfelder generalization of the complex coordinate method, a universal energy-independent complex absorbing potential (CAP), is derived. It is proven that the universal CAP consists of flux and diffusion-type operators. When a smooth exterior scaling is used, the CAP gets non-zero values in the region where the interaction potential vanishes. An illustrative nume...