A bstract We prove the first law of black hole mechanics in context Heterotic Superstring effective action compactified on a torus to leading order ? ?, using Wald’s formalism, covariant Lie derivatives and momentum maps. The Kalb-Ramond field strength this theory has Abelian Chern-Simons terms which induce Nicolai-Townsend transformations field. show how deal with all these gauge symmetries de...

A bstract . We consider cooperative, uniformly elliptic systems, with bounded coefficients and coupling in the zeroth-order terms. We establish two analogues of Harnack’s inequality for this class of systems: A weak version is obtained under fairly general conditions, while imposing an irreducibility condition on the coupling coefficients we obtain a stronger version of the inequality. This irr...

The finite-temperature renormalization group is formulated via the Wilson-Kadanoff blocking transformation. Momentum modes and the Matsubara frequencies are coupled by constraints from a smearing function which plays the role of an infrared cutoff regulator. Using the scalar λφ theory as an example, we consider four general types of smearing functions and show that, to zeroth-order in the deriv...

In Escherichia coli, protein degradation in synthetic circuits is commonly achieved by the ssrA-tagged degradation system. In this work, we show that the degradation kinetics for the green fluorescent protein fused with the native ssrA tag in each cell exhibits the zeroth-order limit of the Michaelis-Menten kinetics, rather than the commonly assumed first-order. When measured in a population, t...

The three-step model (TSM) of high-harmonic generation (HHG) is generalized to atomic and molecular many-electron systems. Using many-body perturbation theory, corrections to the standard TSM due to exchange and electron-electron correlations are derived. It is shown that canonical Hartree-Fock orbitals represent the most appropriate set of one-electron states for calculating the HHG spectrum. ...

We derive sharp lower bounds for the first and the second Zagreb indices (M1 and M2 respectively) for trees and chemical trees with the given number of pendent vertices and find optimal trees. M1 is minimized by a tree with all internal vertices having degree 4, while M2 is minimized by a tree where each “stem” vertex is incident to 3 or 4 pendent vertices and one internal vertex, while the res...

The problem of event pileup in single-photonÈcounting CCD cameras (e.g., in the X-ray regime) is discussed, and a solution to the problem is proposed. The resulting pileup equation includes the e†ects of grade migration and presents itself as a nonlinear modiÐcation to the standard integral equation used by forward-folding spectral-Ðtting programs. The e†ectiveness of the model is demonstrated ...