A rapid and high sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) method was developed and validated for the quantification of zolpidem in human EDTA plasma using ondansetron (IS) as an internal standard. The analyte and IS were extracted from human plasma using ethyl acetate and separated on a C18 column (Inertsil-ODS, 5 µm, 4.6 × 50 mm) interfaced with a triple quadrupole t...

Ethanol exposure produces alterations in GABAergic signaling that are associated with dependence and withdrawal. Previously, we demonstrated that ethanol-induced protein kinase C (PKC) γ signaling selectively contributes to changes in GABAA α1 synaptic receptor activity and surface expression. Here, we demonstrate that protein kinase A (PKA) exerts opposing effects on GABAA receptor adaptations...

Conventional solid dosage form suffers from problem like difficulty in swallowing with age, onset of action and physiological factor of patient like gastric emptying time. To overcome this mouth dissolving tablet is a newer approach to drug delivery. Zolpidem is preferentially used for the short term treatment of insomnia. The aim of present study is to formulate and evaluate mouth dissolving t...

Using flow cytometry in conjunction with a voltage-sensitive fluorescent indicator dye (oxonol), we have identified and separated embryonic hippocampal cells according to the sensitivity of their functionally expressed GABAA receptors to zolpidem. Immunocytochemical and RT-PCR analysis of sorted zolpidem-sensitive (ZS) and zolpidem-insensitive (ZI) subpopulations identified ZS cells as postmito...

Three simple, precise and economical UV spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the estimation of Zolpidem tartrate in bulk and tablet formulations. Zolpidem tartrate has absorbance maxima at 293 nm in zero order spectrum method (Method A ) First order derivative spectra of drug, showed λ maxima = 305 nm and λ minima = 280 nm and amplitude difference was measured for the respective c...

Early postnatal freeze lesions in rat neocortex produce anatomic abnormalities resembling those observed in human patients with seizure disorders. Although in vitro brain slices containing the lesion are hyperexcitable, the mechanisms of this alteration have yet to be elucidated. To test the hypothesis that changes in postsynaptic inhibitory receptors may underlie this hyperexcitability, we exa...

OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to determine whether administration of zolpidem, a nonbenzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic agent, at night would improve the nocturia unresponsive to alpha-blocker monotherapy in men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). METHODS This was a prospective observational study comprised of 39 men aged 50 years and older. The study inclusion criteria were ...

In humans, a first night effect (FNE) is characterized by increased sleep latency and decreased total sleep time in an unfamiliar environment, but the mechanism and treatment options for this universally experienced acute insomnia are unclear. We continuously recorded electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) and measured plasma corticosterone levels to develop a mouse FNE model by ...

Objective: Efforts to promote the cessation of harmful alcohol use are hindered by the affective and physiological components of alcohol withdrawal (AW), which can include life-threatening seizures. Although previous studies of AW and relapse have highlighted the critical importance of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunit GluN2B and the detrimental role of stress, little is known a...