â  â â â â â  â  â  abstract: â  there is a significant relationship between economic growth and the degree of urban concentration, as measured by primacy or the share of the largest city in an urban system. in accordance to urban economic theories, there is an inverse-u shape relationship between urban concentration –urban primacy- and economic growth. that is, as economy grows, urban concen...

The efficacy of present day antineoplastic regimens depends upon the delivery and penetration of therapeutic agents through the tumor vas cular and interstitial spaces to the tumor cell target. The distribution of relevant molecules or cells in a solid tumor is often poor and heteroge neous and is believed to be due to a number of pathophysiological factors, including elevated interstitial flui...

The asymmetric nature of the boson ‘destruction’ operator â and its ‘creation’ partner ↠is made apparent by applying them to a quantum state |ψ〉 different from the Fock state |n〉. We show that it is possible to increase (by many times or by any quantity) the mean number of quanta in the new ‘photonsubtracted’ state â|ψ〉. Moreover, for certain ‘hyper-Poissonian’ states |ψ〉 the mean number of q...

Vincristine (VCR) has been shown to enhance the trans port of methotrexate (MTX) in animal systems and in acute myelogenous leukemia cells in vitro. In this report, the uptake of MTX and the effect of VCR were studied in two human lymphoblastoid cell lines grown in tissue culture. The effect of VCR on MTX suppression of deoxyuridine incorporation into DNA by these cell lines was also investi ga...

This paper discusses medical action, homeopathic action in particular, from a semiotic perspective. Any doctor – patient relation and communication aims at an action. Action medicine follows decision which is determined by the meaning of signs operations with signs. In their turn, are conditioned perception interpretation they have to receivers, both intra- intersubjectively. T...

in this study, we aimed to reconstruct the mean, maximum mean and ‎minimum mean temperature from the chronology of tree rings width of two ‎quercus persica sites in dena region, where efficient climatic data have a ‎short period (1982-2011). the duration of common chronology of the sites ‎is 131 years (1881-2011).considering the strong correlation between ‎climatic data and growth rin...

The activity of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) in peripheral blood mononudear cells and plasma concentration of 5-fluorouracil (FUra) were simultaneously determined in cancer patients receiving FUra by protracted continuous infusion (300 mg/m!/day). Blood samples were drawn every 3 h over 24-h period and the resulting DPD and FUra values analyzed for circadian periodicity. In the seven p...

homoalcophosphamide by the procedure of Corey and Kim (7) gave diethylaldophosphamide and diethylhomoaldophos phamide, respectively (Chart 2). Diethylaldophosphamide was characterized by mass spectral analysis [m/e 283, 1 Cl, M2— CH2C1@; m/e 192, no Cl, M —N(CH2CH2C1)2] and by positive qualitative tests as an aldehyde and an alkylating agent. Complete purification of diethylaldophosphamide ...

In an attempt to better understand breast tumors sensitivity or resis tance to anticancer drugs, the main drug-metabolizing enzyme systems were evaluated in both breast tumors and their corresponding peritumoral tissues in 12 patients. The following enzymes were assayed by Western blot: cytochromes P-4SO (1A1/A2, 2B1/B2, 2C8-10, 2E1, 3A4); glutathione .S'-transferases (GST-a, -u, and -TI); and ...