An unresolved problem in physics is how the thermodynamic arrow of time arises from an underlying time reversible dynamics. We contribute to this issue by developing a measure of time-symmetry breaking, and by using the work fluctuation relations, we determine the time asymmetry of recent single molecule RNA unfolding experiments. We define time asymmetry as the Jensen-Shannon divergence betwee...

Arrow’s Impossibility Theorem states that any constitution which satisfies Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives (IIA) and Unanimity and is not a Dictator has to be non-transitive. In this paper we study quantitative versions of Arrow theorem. Consider n voters who vote independently at random, each following the uniform distribution over the 6 rankings of 3 alternatives. Arrow’s theorem impl...

The material was scraped off an arrow head removed from a wounded man. It was a moist earthy-looking material. An oleaginous resinous body was extracted which was soluble in alcohol (90 per cent.) and dilute acetic acid, also in ether and in chloroform, but insoluble in water. It gave the " croton oil reaction" on the tongue and in the pharynx. A little rubbed on the skin of forearm raised a cr...

The main purpose of this paper is to trace epistemological roots of conventional and Islamic finance. Based on an extensive literature review, this paper aims to highlight, explain, and discuss an ideal conventional and Islamic financial system. The ideal conventional financial system is discussed in light of various writings by Smith and Arrow, based on Arrow-Debreu model. On the other ...

Martin Amis’s Time’s Arrow (1991) gave rise to much controversy when it came out, for this novella revolves around a traumatised Nazi doctor exiled in the US whose life is narrated disorienting reverse chronology by what would seem be his own dissociated conscience. Despite abundant academic publications on experimental narrative, such as those that read posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) pie...

ions A first-order abstraction in the ρpg-calculus consists of two object port graphs for the leftand the right-hand sides, and an arrow node embedding the correspondence between the two sides. The arrow node has two particular ports, a handler port p0 and a black hole port bh. Some restrictions must be imposed on the connectivity of these two types of ports. A handler port can be connected onl...

Twenty AdoMet-dependent methyltransferases (MTases) have been characterized structurally by X-ray crystallography and NMR. These include seven DNA MTases, five RNA MTases, four protein MTases and four small molecule MTases acting on the carbon, oxygen or nitrogen atoms of their substrates. The MTases share a common core structure of a mixed seven-stranded beta-sheet (6 downward arrow 7 upward a...

We investigated the influence of numbered arrows on construction of mechanical kinematic representations by using static diagrams. Undergraduate participants viewed a two-stage diagram depicting a flushing cistern (with or without numbered arrows) and answered questions about its function, step-bystep. The arrow group demonstrated greater overall accuracy and made fewer errors on the measure of...

In [Sch05a], it is argued that Boltzmann’s intuition, that the psychological arrow of time is necessarily aligned with the thermodynamic arrow, is correct. Schulman gives an explicit physical mechanism for this connection, based on the brain being representable as a computer, together with certain thermodynamic properties of computational processes. [Haw94] presents similar, if briefer, argumen...

Response compatibility effects were assessed with a Stroop-like task which involved arrow and word stimuli. The subjects were required to respond to one stimulus--an arrow (e.g.,-->) or a word (e.g., left)--and ignore the other. It was shown that response compatibility played a significant role in generating Stroop-like interference. Robust interference effects were observed when the subjects r...