Since the identification of CART peptides in the 1990s [1], evidence has been steadily accumulating that they are involved in a great variety of physiologic processes. These include feeding and body weight, depression and anxiety, stress, hormonal control, psychostimulant (PS) action [2,3,4,5,6,7,8], and others. With regard to PS action, CART peptides appear to regulate the action of cocaine, a...

OBJECTIVES The international and national HIV treatment guidelines in 2016 have focused on scaling up access to combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). We aimed to assess the trends and treatment outcomes of late cART initiation in Taiwan. METHODS Between June 2012 and May 2016, we retrospectively included antiretroviral-naive HIV-positive adults who initiated cART. Late initiation was def...

Recent biological advances make it possible to discover new peptides associated with hypertension. The cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) is a known factor in appetite and feeding behaviour. Various lines of evidence suggest that this peptide participates not only in control of feeding behaviour but also in the regulation of the cardiovascular and sympathetic systems and blood...

Anorexia nervosa is a growing concern in mental health, often inducing death. The potential neuronal deficits that may underlie abnormal inhibitions of food intake, however, remain largely unexplored. We hypothesized that anorexia may involve altered signaling events within the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a brain structure involved in reward. We show here that direct stimulation of serotonin (5-hy...

BACKGROUND The incidence of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) has increased since introduction of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). While HIV-related HL is highly associated with EBV, the causes underlying the rising incidence remain unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of immune reconstitution on HL incidence among a cohort of HIV-infected male veterans ever receiving cART. ME...

Innate immune dysfunction persists in HIV+ individuals despite effective combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). We recently demonstrated that an adaptive-like CD56dim NK cell population lacking the signal transducing protein FcRγ is expanded in HIV+ individuals. Here, we analyzed a cohort of HIV+ men who have sex with men (MSM, n = 20) at baseline and following 6, 12, and 24 months of cART ...

Purpose: Classification of gene expression helps study disease. However, it faces two obstacles: an imbalanced class and a high dimension. The motivation this is to examine the effectiveness undersampling before feature selection on high-dimensional data with classes.Methods: Least Absolute Shrinkage Selection Operator (Lasso), which can select features, handle modeling. Random (RUS) be used de...

The introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) represents a major turning point in the response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic. WHO European Region Member States have made significant progress in scaling up access to such treatment. By mid-2007, cART was available in the public sector health services in every country of the Region except Turkmenistan, with coverage estimated as very hi...