OBJECTIVE To examine the association between absence of the nasal bone at the 11-14-week ultrasound scan and chromosomal defects. METHODS Ultrasound examination was carried out in 3829 fetuses at 11-14 weeks' gestation immediately before fetal karyotyping. At the scan the fetal crown-rump length (CRL) and nuchal translucency (NT) thickness were measured and the fetal profile was examined for ...

Background Candida rugosa Lipase (CRL) shows a very low alkaline stability that comprises its immobilization on glyoxyl-agarose, which requires pH above 10. In this way, an adaptation from the original method was used; an enzyme solution at pH 7 was slowly added at a suspension of glyoxyl-agarose prepared in bicarbonate buffer, pH 10. This change of protocol was enough for allowing the preparat...

Cullin-RING ligases (CRLs) comprise the largest ubiquitin E3 subclass, in which a central cullin subunit links a substrate-binding adaptor with an E2-binding RING. Covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like protein NEDD8 to a conserved C-terminal domain (ctd) lysine stimulates CRL ubiquitination activity and prevents binding of the inhibitor CAND1. Here we report striking conformational rearrang...

The language Erlang has been developed by Ericsson to implement large switching systems. Erlang is nowadays used by several companies for complex embedded systems. The language CRL is a process algebra with data. Several verification tools are available for CRL and other process algebras, including a tool to create labelled transition systems from CRL specifications. By having a translation fro...

The propagation of X-rays through a compound refractive lens (CRL) with imperfect CRL elements is investigated. The trajectories of random rays within the geometrical optics regime are calculated in one plane using Monte Carlo methods. Three different lenses were simulated: Be, Al and Ni lenses designed for photon energies of 20 keV, 60 keV and 175 keV, respectively. The results show that while...

BACKGROUND A clinical trial has shown that a live-attenuated varicella-zoster virus vaccine is effective against herpes zoster (HZ) and post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN). The aim of the study was to estimate the number needed to vaccinate (NNV) to prevent HZ-related outcomes. METHODS A cohort model of HZ associated disease, health care resource use and mortality was developed. Canadian population...