traditional building technologies have much to teach us about how to design regionally appropriate structures. the orosi is one of these useful technologies, which has been used for many centuries in order to control the harsh sunlight in iran. this architectural element was rather important because the intensive solar radiation could easily damage valuable carpets used in most spaces in persia...

Daylight availability and sky luminance distributions vary spatially and temporally depending on geography, weather, and other local conditions. Substantial amount of data is accumulated from long term measurements in various parts of the world (Kitler et al. 1992) through sky scanners. These devices (such as the Krochmann sky scanner) typically measure luminance at 145 points. The accumulated ...

The Paleocene/Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) and associated carbon isotope excursion (CIE) are often touted as the best geologic analog for the current anthropogenic rise in pCO2. However, a causal mechanism for the PETM CIE remains unidentified because of large uncertainties in the duration of the CIE's onset. Here, we report on a sequence of rhythmic sedimentary couplets comprising the Paleoce...

DIAGNOSIS & TERMINOLOGY The diagnosis of “Chronic Idiopathic Enteropathy” (CIE), which includes “Inflammatory Bowel Disease” (IBD), is based on the presence of compatible clinical signs (chronic diarrhea, vomiting or weight loss) AND the exclusion of metabolic, infectious, neoplastic, and obstructive disorders of the gut (see Table 1). If biopsy samples also reveal mucosal morphologic abnormali...

Estimates were made of the efficiency with which color spaces code color information from images of natural scenes. Six spaces were tested, namely, CIE XYZ tristimulus space, and the spaces CIELUV, CIELAB, CIELAB and S-CIELAB after chromatic adaptation with CMCCAT2000, and the space CIECAM02. For each space, the information available and the information retrieved in color matching were calculat...

Abstract The perceived color interactions between geometrical objects presented on a computer screen were investigated. Colors of small patches with a colored background were used. Six observation colors and three interaction colors for each observed color were presented to ten observers, who performed a matching task. The object with a color assumed to interact with its background was compared...