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Data-driven gamification refers to the use of data collection and data science methods together with gamification practices in order to improve the selected aspects of a service or a product. As new innovations cause new ethical questions, this study surveys possible ethical problems of data-driven gamification. Precisely, we focus on the ethical question of using data collected from a user to ...

In J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 83, 034404 (2014), we designed a scheme of waveguide arrays with long-range linear coupling effects and studied the bright solitons in this system. In this paper, we further study the dynamics of dark and grey solitons in such waveguide arrays. The numerical simulations show that the stabilities of dark solitons and grey solitons depend on the normalized decay length and t...

BACKGROUND Although grey matter damage in multiple sclerosis is currently recognized, determinants of grey matter volume and its relationship with disability are not yet clear. OBJECTIVES The objectives of the study were to measure grey and white matter volumes across different disease phenotypes; identify MRI parameters associated with grey matter volume; and study grey and white matter volu...

strategic alliance promotes enterprise resources sharing and enhances the competitiveness of the marketplace. therefore, finding a mutually beneficial partner to make a strategic alliance is an important issue for various industries. the aim of this paper is to propose a suitable method based on grey theory and data envelopment analysis (dea). a method predicts future business and measure opera...

Recently, researchers have shown an increased interest in predicting the situation of incoming security situation for organization’s network. Many prediction models have been produced for this purpose, but many of these models have various limitations in practical applications. In addition, literature shows that far too little attention has been paid in utilizing the grey Verhulst model predict...

OBJECTIVE Mild cognitive impairment and dementia are common non-motor features of Parkinson's disease (PD). The aim of this study was to characterise grey matter changes associated with clearly defined stages of cognitive impairment in PD using structural MRI. METHODS 96 PD subjects were classified using detailed cognitive testing as PD with normal cognition (PD-N, n=57), PD with mild cogniti...

Objective Previous work has shown that high body mass index (BMI) is associated with low grey matter volume. However, evidence on the relationship between waist circumference (WC) and brain volume is relatively scarce. Moreover, the influence of mild obesity (as indexed by WC and BMI) on brain volume remains unclear. This study explored the relationships between WC and BMI and grey matter volum...

The segmentation of MRI scans of patients with white matter lesions (WML) is difficult because the MRI characteristics of white matter lesions are similar to those of grey matter. Intensity based statistical classification techniques misclassify some WML as grey matter and some grey matter as WML. We developed a fast elastic matching algorithm that warps a reference data set containing informat...

Sequence variations in the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) gene are associated with melanism in many different species of mammals, birds and reptiles. The grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis), found in the British Isles, was introduced from North America in the late nineteenth century. Melanism in the British grey squirrel is associated with a 24 base pair deletion in the MC1R. To investigate th...