Human consumption of chlorinated drinking water has been linked epidemiologically to bladder, kidney, and rectal cancers. The disinfection by-product (DBP) dichloroacetic acid is a hepatocarcinogen in Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of the DBPs dichloro-, bromochloro-, and dibromoacetic acids (DCA, BCA, DBA) on intestinal microbial popula...

In summary, following a single oral dose of DCA to laboratory rats, peak hepatic tissue DCA concentration occurred at 3 hr. When given chronically for 7 days, DCA caused activation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex which returned to basal activity 24 hr following the final dose. Hepatic tissue DCA concentrations were maximally increased at 3 hr following the final dose, and the drug was eli...

Abstract Introduction Advanced radiation therapy delivery techniques require greater understanding of various planning sequences and methods. The aim this study is to determine a class solution that finds the best possible technique deliver for stereotactic radiosurgery between dynamic conformal arc (DCA) using options such as DCA, DCA + SSO (segment shape optimization), VDR (variable dose rate...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of 3,4-dichloroaniline (3,4-DCA) on activities of testicle enzymes as biological markers in rats. METHODS Fifty male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=10). One group was left untreated and used as a solvent control (administered orally by corn oil), while the other 4 groups were treated with 3, 4-DCA. Corn oil was used as a solvent, and 3,4-DCA w...

We studied the pharmacokinetics of dichloroacetate (DCA) in naive rats and rats depleted of glutathione S-transferase-zeta (GST-zeta), at doses approaching human daily exposure levels. We also compared in vitro metabolism of DCA by rat and human liver cytosol. Jugular vein-cannulated male Fischer-344 rats received graded doses of DCA ranging from 0.05 to 20 mg/kg (intravenously or by gavage), a...

The endogenous bile acid metabolite 1β-hydroxy-deoxycholic acid (1β-OH-DCA) excreted in human urine may be used as a sensitive CYP3A biomarker in drug development reflecting in vivo CYP3A activity. An efficient and stereospecific enzymatic synthesis of 1β-OH-DCA was developed using a Bacillus megaterium (BM3) cytochrome P450 (P450) mutant, and its structure was confirmed by nuclear magnetic res...

هدف: پژوهش حاضر با هدف تحلیل رابطه بین مهارت‌های رهبری پایدار و مؤلفه‌های هم‌­آفرینی نقش میانجی اعتماد شناختی از دیدگاه اعضای هیأت علمی دانشگاه بیرجند انجام گرفت.طراحی/روش­‌شناسی/رویکرد: روش توصیفی- همبستگی بود. جامعه آماری شامل کلیه در سال تحصیلی 98-99 به تعداد 323 نفر بودند که استفاده نمونه­‌گیری تصادفی ساده 230 انتخاب شدند. برای سنجش متغیرهای پرسش­نامه محقق‌­ساخته پایایی 93/0، پرسشنامه هم­‌آ...

Impairment of gut barrier is associated with a fat-rich diet, but mechanisms are unknown. We have earlier shown that dietary fat modifies fecal bile acids in mice, decreasing the proportion of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) vs. deoxycholic acid (DCA). To clarify the potential role of bile acids in fat-induced barrier dysfunction, we here investigated how physiological concentrations of DCA and UDC...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of deoxycholic acid (DCA) on the contractions of rat proximal colonic smooth muscle (PCSM) in vitro. The contractile response of rat PCSM strips was tested using a polyphysio-graph. The whole cell patch-clamp technique was also used in rat colonic smooth muscle cells (SMCs) isolated by an enzymatic procedure to record the L-type calcium curre...