The medial axis is an important shape descriptor first introduced by Blum [2] via a grassfire burning analogy. However, the medial axes are sensitive to boundary perturbations, which calls for global shape measures to identify meaningful parts of a medial axis. On the other hand, a more compact shape representation than the medial axis, such as a “center point”, is needed in various application...

The ability to capture real-time data on human behavior inexpensively, efficiently, and accurately holds promise to transform and broaden our understanding of many areas of health science. One approach to acquiring this type of real-time data is ecological momentary assessment (EMA).This method has been used to collect data in many domains of addiction research, including research on the treatm...

A new monoclonal antibody to epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) E29. A comparison of its immunocytochemical reactivity with polyclonal anti-EMA antibodies and with another monoclonal antibody, HMFG-2. Summary Two polyclonal rabbit antibodies to epithelial membrane antogen (EMA), two mouse monoclonal antibodies (E29 and HMFG-2), and a "cocktail" of these two monoclonals have been compared using a...

BACKGROUND Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) uses real-time data collection to assess participants' behaviors and environments. This paper explores the strengths and limitations of using EMA to examine social and environmental exposure to tobacco in urban India among older adolescents and adults. OBJECTIVE Objectives of this study were (1) to describe the methods used in an EMA study of t...

For the next generation of “more electric or all electric aircraft”, there is a significant interest in using electromechanical actuators (EMAs) for flight controls, thrust reverse and landing gears, and therefore remove the centralized hydraulic circuits. To achieve this goal, new challenges for safety-critical actuations must be faced and several key issues must be considered in the early pha...

Monokaryotic haustoria (M-haustoria) of Uromyces vignae in Vigna sinensis cells are surrounded by an extrahaustorial matrix (ema) and the invaginated host plasmalemma, the extrahaustorial membrane (ehm). The ema was characterized with antibodies against components of the plant cell wall; the ema contained hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins and arabinogalactans/arabinogalactan proteins, both at a...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES High level of urinary oxalate substantially increases the risk of hyperoxaluria, a significant risk factor for urolithiasis. The primary goal of this study was to reduce urinary oxalate excretion employing liposome encapsulated oxalate oxidase in animal model. METHODS A membrane bound oxalate oxidase was purified from Bougainvillea leaves. The enzyme in its native form...

Endosomal maturation is critical for accurate and efficient cargo transport through endosomal compartments. Here we identify a mutation of the novel Drosophila gene, ema (endosomal maturation defective) in a screen for abnormal synaptic overgrowth and defective protein trafficking. Ema is an endosomal membrane protein required for trafficking of fluid-phase and receptor-mediated endocytic cargo...

Muscular forces generated during locomotion depend on an animal's speed, gait, and size and underlie the energy demand to power locomotion. Changes in limb posture affect muscle forces by altering the mechanical advantage of the ground reaction force (R) and therefore the effective mechanical advantage (EMA = r/R, where r is the muscle mechanical advantage) for muscle force production. We used ...