BACKGROUND Bispectral index has been introduced to provide optimal level of anesthesia. However, Bispectral index monitoring may not be cost effective in a relatively short procedures due to the high costs of the electrode. The authors conducted the present study to compare the feasibility of commercially available electrocardiogram (ECG) electrodes instead of the Bispectral index (BIS) monitor...

The Bcl-2 interacting death suppressor (Bis) protein is known to be involved in a variety of pathophysiological conditions. We recently generated bis-deficient mice, which exhibited early lethality with typical nutritional deprivation status. To further investigate the molecular basis for the malnutrition phenotype of bis deficient mice, we explored Bis expression in the digestive system of nor...

Editor’s key points † The influence of electromyographic (EMG) activity neuromuscular block (NMB) on bispectral index (BIS) is controversial. † BIS was measured before and after reversal of NMB with sugammadex or neostigmine. † BIS increased after both agents only in patients with EMG activity. † This effect should be taken into account when using BIS. Background. Sugammadex is a modified g-cyc...

A facile three step synthesis of a group of N1,N5-bis[4-(5-alkyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenyl]glutaramides, N1,N5-bis[4-(1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenyl]glutaramide and N1,N5-bis[4-(5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenyl]glutaramide is described. These products are designed to function as masked bis-amidine prodrugs of a promising N1,N5-bis[4-(N'-(carbamimidoyl)phenyl]glutaramide antifungal l...

We describe a 76-year-old patient who suffered a brainstem TIA just before being anesthetised for cardiac surgery. The TIA was registered on BIS and resulted in a drop in BIS to a value of 60. When consciousness returned spontaneously, the BIS increased to 85. The relative use of the BIS during an operation is discussed. We believe that the lack of input from the brainstem to the frontal cortex...

Upon inducting general anesthesia in the operating room, we have observed a prompt increase in the bispectral index (BIS) after the intravenous injection of suxamethonium. We hypothesized that the cause of this BIS increase is muscle hyperactivity owing to fasciculation. However, no reports have been published regarding this abrupt increase in the BIS upon the induction of general anesthesia by...

Excess di(tert-butyl)silylene (DTBS) bis(trifluoromethanesulfonate) formed bis-DTBS derivatives with the four aldopentoses (arabinose, lyxose, ribose and xylose). The structure of the bis-chelates was affected by the bulk of the DTBS groups and the requirement of flat silacycles in the case of five-membered chelate rings. These restrictions resulted in unusual cyclic bis-chelates for ribofurano...