We have examined the effect of progranulin (PGRN) on human T cell proliferation and its underlying mechanism. We show that PGRN inhibits the PHA-induced multiplication of T lymphocytes. It increases the number of iTregs when T lymphocytes are activated by PHA but does not do so in the absence of PHA. PGRN-mediated inhibition of T lymphocyte proliferation, as well as the induction of iTregs, was...

The response to intradermally injected phytohaemagglutinin (PHA-response) is a commonly used quantification of avian immunocompetence (the ability to resist pathogens). Parasite-mediated sexual selection requires heritable immunocompetence, but evidence for heritability of PHA-response in birds largely stems from full-sib comparisons. Using an animal model approach, we quantified the narrow-sen...

Single or repetitive i.p. injections of Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) induced a selective marked decrease in blood and bone marrow lymphocytes in mice, suggesting that PHA might have a specific immunosuppressive effect. To test this hypothesis, parallel' experiments were conducted using female C57Bl/6J (H-2b) mice as recipients and either female C3H/HeJ (H-2k) or female (C57Blx C3He) Fl (H-2b,k) hyb...

This semester brought about great change to the Android PHA application and frenzied development. It is important to note that Android has a steep learning curve, and it took considerable time to learn the Android SDK and how to create an Android application properly. While Google provides some detailed instructions and tutorials on their developer zone website, complete resources are hard to c...

Abstract. Introduction. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a useful, carbon-neutral polymer that can be produced from renewable carbon sources by microorganisms, making it sustainable and environmentally friendly material. Currently, production of the biopolymer not competitive in terms cost yield; however, different bacterial strains may provide economic viability, especially since substituting bio...

A novel approach to the recycling of polystyrene is reported here; polystyrene is converted to a biodegradable plastic, namely polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA). This unique combinatorial approach involves the pyrolysis of polystyrene to styrene oil, followed by the bacterial conversion of the styrene oil to PHA by Pseudomonas putida CA-3 (NCIMB 41162). The pyrolysis (520 degrees C) of polystyrene in ...

Sequencing batch reactor (SBR) systems were used for the development of a system and operating procedures for the high production and storage of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) by wastewater treatment (activated sludge) bacterial cultures. The systems were maintained at a nominal hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 10 hours, and a temperature of 20°C. The solids retention time (SRT) was maintained a...

Recombinant Escherichia coli harboring the medium-chain-length (MCL) polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase gene has been shown to accumulate MCL-PHAs from fatty acids when FadB is inactive. However, the enzymes in fadB mutant E. coli responsible for channeling the beta-oxidation intermediates to PHA biosynthesis have not been fully elucidated. Only recently, two enzymes encoded by yfcX and maoC h...

P HYTOHEMAGGLUTININ (PHA), an extract of the red kidney bean, agglutinates erythrocytes,’ leukocytes,’ and other types of cells.2 Lymphocytes, stimulated by PHA, show an increase in the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and protein. These metabolic changes are accompanied by cell enlargement and mitosis. Little is known about the site where PHA attaches to the cell or of the mechanism underlying its mitog...

Organ development is a complex process involving the coordination of cell proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenetic events. Using a screen to identify genes that function coordinately with lin-35/Rb during animal development, we have isolated a weak loss-of-function (LOF) mutation in pha-1. lin-35; pha-1 double mutants are defective at an early step in pharyngeal morphogenesis leading t...