Let TM(k, l) be the set of one-tape Turing machines with k states and l symbols. It is known that the halting problem is decidable for machines in TM(2, 3) and TM(3, 2). We prove that the decidability of machines in TM(2, 4) and TM(3, 3) will be difficult to settle, by giving machines in these sets for which the halting problem depends on an open problem in number theory. A machine in TM(5, 2) ...

Tamoxifen (Tm)-inducible Cre recombinases are widely used to perform gene inactivation and lineage tracing studies in mice. Although the efficiency of inducible Cre-loxP recombination can be easily evaluated with reporter strains, the precise length of time that Tm induces nuclear translocation of CreER(Tm) and subsequent recombination of a target allele is not well defined, and difficult to as...

It is frequently stated in the scientific literature, official reports and the press that 80% of Asian and African populations use traditional medicine (TM) to meet their healthcare needs; however, this statistic was first reported in 1983. This study aimed to update knowledge of the prevalence of TM use and the characteristics of those who access it, to inform health policy-makers as countries...

Background: Exosomes in synovial fluid (SF) has a close relationship with the pathogenesis of rheumatiod arthritis. As complex biological fluid, SF presents challenges for exosomes isolation using standard methods, such as Exoquick TM kit and ultracentrifugation. Objectives: The study aims to compared quality separated by (TM), kit+Exoquick TC (TM-TC), ultracentrifugation (UC) TM-TC+UC(TM-TC-UC...

AIMS Thrombomodulin (TM), a potent anticoagulant, is not detected in quiescent vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In diseased vessels, VSMC expresses TM, but the mechanisms are unclear. This study examined molecular mechanisms for TM expression in VSMCs. METHODS AND RESULTS Platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) induced TM expression in cultured human aortic VSMCs. PDGF-induced TM is ...

Tropomyosin (TM) is an integral component of the thin filament in muscle fibers and is involved in regulating actin-myosin interactions. TM is encoded by a family of four alternatively spliced genes that display highly conserved nucleotide and amino acid sequences. To assess the functional and developmental significance of alpha-TM, the murine alpha-TM gene was disrupted by homologous recombina...

Until today, the explicit speci cation of "software contracts" by means of class invariants and method preand post-conditions was only available to Ei el developers. iContract is the rst tool that provides the same thorough support for Java. iContract is a freely available source-code pre-processor that instruments sourcecode with checks for class invariants as well as preand post-conditions th...

Transactional Memory (TM) simplifies parallel programming by transferring responsibility for concurrency management from the programmer to the system. Nevertheless, a number of challenges must be addressed for TM to be widely adopted. This dissertation presents work towards improving the practicality of TM across three dimensions. The first challenge addressed is that of integrating TM with pop...