In the 2003 Pixar animation Finding Nemo, a clownfish named Marlin is an overprotective father, and for good reason: he has recently gone through trauma of losing both his wife all their fertilized eggs save one. Nemo only remaining offspring, son. On Nemo’s first day school, gets caught in fishing net taken far away. spends rest movie looking Nemo. He to know variety characters search, some pr...

BACKGROUND Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus encoded viral FLICE inhibitory protein (vFLIP) K13 activates the NF-κB pathway by binding to the NEMO/IKKγ subunit of the IκB kinase (IKK) complex. However, it has remained enigmatic how K13-NEMO interaction results in the activation of the IKK complex. Recent studies have implicated TRAF6, TAK1 and linear ubiquitin chains assembled by a linear...

Cocaine initiates its euphoric effects by binding to the dopamine transporter (DAT), blocking uptake of synaptic dopamine. It has been hypothesized that the DAT transmembrane aspartic acid residue D79 forms an ionic interaction with charged nitrogen atoms in both dopamine and cocaine. We examined the consequences of novel and previously studied mutations of the D79 residue on DAT uptake of [3H]...

The dopamine transporter (DAT) limits the spatial and temporal spread of dopaminergic signaling by taking up extracellular dopamine. This function is thought to be modulated by endogenous signaling pathways. For example, phosphorylation of DAT by protein kinase C (PKC) reduces dopamine uptake, whereas phosphorylation by extracellular signal-regulated kinase increases uptake. Although phosphoryl...

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly diagnosed disorder of school-age children. Although genetic and brain-imaging studies suggest a contribution of altered dopamine (DA) signaling in ADHD, evidence of signaling perturbations contributing to risk is largely circumstantial. The presynaptic, cocaine- and amphetamine (AMPH)-sensitive DA transporter (DAT) constrains ...

Both dopamine uptake inhibitors and sigma(1) receptor antagonists have been implicated as potential pharmacotherapeutics for the treatment of cocaine abuse. While the dopamine uptake inhibitors may share with cocaine neurochemical mechanisms underlying reinforcing properties, sigma(1) antagonists have been shown to attenuate some behavioral actions and toxic side effects associated with cocaine...

The classical nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) signaling pathway is under the control of the IkappaB kinase (IKK) complex, which consists of IKK-1, IKK-2, and NF-kappaB essential modulator (NEMO). This complex is responsible for the regulation of cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Dysregulation of this pathway is associated with several human diseases, and as such, its inhibiti...

Network mobility (NEMO) is an important requirement for internet networks to reach the goal of ubiquitous connectivity. The IETF design NEMO BSP to manage network mobility in an aggregate way. Standard NEMO suffers from number of limitation and problems such as pinball problem and link-drop problem. In NEMO route optimization, an attacker may induce the mobile router to initiate the route optim...

Dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) has proven to be difficult to diagnose using computerized X-ray tomography (CT). To improve the identification of DAT with CT, several different quantitative approaches have been tried. Brain parenchymal density measurements and a variety of linear indices of ventricular size have failed to reliably separate DAT patients from age matched controls. Measures o...

Domoic acid toxicosis (DAT) in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) is caused by exposure to the marine biotoxin domoic acid and has been linked to massive stranding events and mortality. Diagnosis is based on clinical signs in addition to the presence of domoic acid in body fluids. Chronic DAT further is characterized by reoccurring seizures progressing to status epilepticus. Diagnosi...