OBJECTIVE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurological disease characterized by pathological proteolytic cleavage of tau protein, which appears to initiate death of the neurons. The objective of this study was to investigate whether a proteolytic fragment of the tau protein could serve as blood-based biomarker of cognitive function in AD. METHODS We developed a highly sensitive ELIS...

Vascular factors increase the risks of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) and they contribute to AD pathology. Since amyloid beta (Aβ) deposits can be observed in both diseases, there is an overlap which impedes a clear discrimination and difficult clinical diagnosis. In the present study, we compared cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) profiles of neurodegenerative and inflammatory biomarkers in a pati...

Accumulation of unfolded proteins can disturb the functions of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), leading to ER-stress or unfolded protein response (UPR). Recent data have shown that activation of UPR can be found in postmortem brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients; and biological markers for activation of UPR are abundant in neurons with diffuse phosphorylated tau. Although these observatio...

cis-trans isomerization of proteins phosphorylated by proline-directed kinases is proposed to control numerous signaling molecules and is implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's and other diseases. However, there is no direct evidence for the existence of cis-trans protein isomers in vivo or for their conformation-specific function or regulation. Here we develop peptide chemistries that a...

OBJECTIVE To test serum tau as a predictor of neurological outcome after cardiac arrest. METHODS We measured the neuronal protein tau in serum at 24, 48, and 72 hours after cardiac arrest in 689 patients in the prospective international Target Temperature Management trial. The main outcome was poor neurological outcome, defined as Cerebral Performance Categories 3-5 at 6 months. RESULTS Inc...

The rapid decline in pressure during isovolumic relaxation (IVR) is traditionally fit algebraically via two empiric indexes: tau, the time constant of IVR, or tau(L), a logistic time constant. Although these indexes are used for in vivo diastolic function characterization of the same physiological process, their characterization of IVR in the pressure phase plane is strikingly different, and no...

Using an ultra-sensitive technique, an immunomagnetic reduction assay, the plasma tau level can be measured to a limit of quantification of pg/ml. In total 126 cognitively normal middle-aged and older adults (45-95 years old) were recruited. The plasma tau levels were significantly higher in the older group (aged 65-95 years) 18.14 ± 7.33 pg/ml than those in the middle-aged group (aged 45-64 ye...

BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its transitional state mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are characterized by amyloid plaque and tau neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) deposition within the cerebral neocortex and neuronal loss within the hippocampal formation. However, the precise relationship between pathologic changes in neocortical regions and hippocampal atrophy is largely unknown. METHOD...

Fully chaotic Hamiltonian systems possess an infinite number of classical solutions which are periodic, e.g., a trajectory "p" returns to its initial conditions after some fixed time tau(p). Our aim is to investigate the spectrum [tau(1),tau(2), ...] of periods of the periodic orbits. An explicit formula for the density rho(tau)= Sigma(p)delta(tau-tau(p)) is derived in terms of the eigenvalues ...

Abstract Background Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) phenotypes can be associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It is unknown whether differences exist in relationship between markers of such as tau and neurofilament light chain (NFL) cognition FTLD without AD. Method 40 patients were included this study: (A) 31 AD [5 behavioral variant FTD, 11 corticobasal syndrome (CBS), 1 non‐fluent...