Using electron energy loss spectroscopy, we have probed the spin waves of fcc(100) cobalt after capping with 1–3 atom layers of pseudomorphic nickel or up to 12 atom layers of copper. The intensity decay of the spin wave signal is quantitatively described by the mean-free path of the incident and the scattered electron within the capping layer. The observed spin waves are therefore localized at...

A number of recent papers find that the volatility implied by index option prices significantly overstates future stock market volatility. We investigate whether this bias is purely due to measurement error and model misspecification, or whether the bias is also apparent in option market prices. We accomplish this by examining the profits for trading strategies designed to exploit the apparent ...

Patients suffering from Ménière's disease are particularly sensitive to negative pressure in the middle ear. For example, attacks of vertigo can be triggered by a descent in an aircraft when ventilation of the middle ear can become critical. Positive-pressure pulse treatment has been shown to have a beneficial effect on the symptomatology and is now a true alternative in the treatment of Ménièr...

We report on a study of the morphology of (100) silicon surfaces etched in aqueous alkaline solutions. It is shown that the formation of pyramidal hillocks during etching can be influenced in two different ways: by the presence of an oxidizing agent (ferricyanide or oxygen) in the etchant solution, or by etching under anodic bias. In both cases pyramid formation is suppressed without a signific...

Proteasome-mediated processing of the nf b2 gene product p100 is a regulated event that generates the NFB subunit p52. This event can be induced through p100 phosphorylation by a signaling pathway involving the nuclear factorB-inducing kinase (NIK). The C-terminal region of p100, which contains its phosphorylation site and a death domain, plays a pivotal role in regulating the processing of p10...

Schizophrenia patients and a subset of patients with bipolar disorder suffer from psychosis. Both disorder have been found to have shared genetic risk factors. In order to assess these claims further, endophenotypes for these disorders need to be established. Electroencephalography provides a means for measuring low level auditory processing through event related potentials. In the study a dich...

The oxidation of the W(100) surface at elevated temperatures has been studied using room temperature STM and LEED. High exposure of the clean surface to O2 at 1500 K followed by flash-annealing to 2300 K in UHV results in the formation of a novel p(3×1) reconstruction, which is imaged by STM as a missing-row structure on the surface. Upon further annealing in UHV, this surface develops a floret...