This paper presents a novel MAC protocol that allows the secondary links to optimally adjust their transmission power and persistence probability on an ingress rate basis regulated by cognitive users (CUs) for multi-hop cognitive radio ad hoc networks (CRAHNs). By introducing a unique collision probability constraint required by spectrum holder, we show that the CUs can opportunistically access...

In this paper, the optimal channel exploration is proposed for cognitive radio networks. In the networks, primary users (PUs) utilize the channels with fixed slot structure. Cognitive users (CUs) should sense the channels within each slot. We study the relationship of the channel states between the nearby slots and range channels by the decreasing idle probabilities of all channels. Then we use...

Versatile Video Coding (VVC) is the latest video coding standard, but currently, most steganographic algorithms are based on High-Efficiency (HEVC). The concept of symmetry often adopted in deep neural networks. With rapid rise new multimedia, steganography shows great research potential. This paper proposes a VVC algorithm Units (CUs). Considering novel techniques VVC, proposed only uses chrom...

In this paper, we study a resource allocation problem in orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA)-based Device-to-Device (D2D) communications. To end, propose multi-objective optimization (MOOP) framework, which jointly maximizes the sum rate of D2D users (DUs) and cellular (CUs) uplink communications minimizes total transmit power. The proposed formulation takes into account minim...

As several European countries debate entering, or exiting, the euro, a key policy question concerns how much currency unions (CUs) affect trade. Despite longstanding academic on topic, recent research has continued to find that CUs exert large effect We find, by contrast, sizeable estimated impact of trade is driven other major geopolitical events and also sensitive dynamic controls. Overall, u...

Chronic stress is thought to impart risk for depression via alterations in brain structure and function, but contributions of specific mediators in generating these changes remain unclear. We test the hypothesis that stress-induced increases in corticosterone (CORT), the primary rodent glucocorticoid, are the key mediator of stress-induced depressive-like behavioral changes and synaptic dysfunc...

The biological activity of the immobilized enzyme is crucial for the performance of different nanoparticle mediated enzymatic assays, where enzymatic conversion can be used for label-free analyte detection. In this article we have addressed two significant aspects of enzyme-nanoparticle interactions. First, we have developed copper sulfide (CuS) nanoparticles with an average diameter of 25 nm a...

Recent findings indicate that fingolimod, the first oral drug approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS), acts as a direct inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs) and enhances the production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the CNS. Both mechanisms are relevant to the pathophysiology and treatment of major depression. We examined the antidepressant activity of fingoli...

The main objective of this two part paper is to formulate and address the problem of distributed uplink resource allocation in multi-carrier cognitive radio networks (CRN) with multiple Access Points (APs). When the APs operate on non-overlapping spectrum bands, such problem is essentially a joint spectrum decision and spectrum sharing problem. In this network, the cognitive users (CUs) are end...