We have used block substitution mutagenesis and in vitro transcription to define sequence elements important for efficient initiation and 3' end-formation of the trans-spliced leader RNA (SL RNA) of the parasitic nematode Ascaris lumbricoides. These experiments indicate that the SL RNA has an unusual promoter structure containing elements which include the 22 nt trans-spliced leader exon itself...

Trypanosoma brucei spliced leader (SL) RNA contains an unusual cap 4 structure consisting of 7-methylguanosine linked to four modified nucleosides. During RNA maturation, trans splicing transfers the first 39 nucleotides of the SL RNA including the cap structure to the 5' end of all mRNAs. Here we show that exposure of permeable trypanosome cells to S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine inhibits methylatio...

To evaluate the hypothesis that exposure to high altitude would reduce blood glucose and total carbohydrate utilization relative to sea level (SL), 16 young women were studied over four 12-day periods: at 50% of peak O(2) consumption in different menstrual cycle phases (SL-50), at 65% of peak O(2) consumption at SL (SL-65), and at 4,300 m (HA). After 10 days in each condition, blood glucose rat...

The age-dependent choice between expressing individual learning (IL) or social learning (SL) affects cumulative cultural evolution. A learning schedule in which SL precedes IL is supportive of cumulative culture because the amount of nongenetically encoded adaptive information acquired by previous generations can be absorbed by an individual and augmented. Devoting time and energy to learning, ...

The aim of the current study was to elucidate the effect of seabuckthorn leaves (SL) extract and flavonoid glycosides extract from seabuckthorn leaves (SLG) on diet-induced obesity and related metabolic disturbances, and additionally, to identify whether flavonoid glycosides and other components in SL can exert a possible interaction for the prevention of metabolic diseases by comparing the eff...

The aim of this study was to examine carcass properties and variability in chemical content and fatty acid composition in the musculus longissimus lumborum et thoracis (MLLT) of different genotypes of pigs. Of 36 male castrated animals used in the trial, 24 were from two strains of Mangalitsa pigs (12 Swallow bellied (SBM) and 12 White (WM)), while 12 were of the Swedish Landrace (SL) breed (th...

Prior to Hurricanes Katrina and Rita (HKR), significant associations were noted between soil lead (SL) and blood lead (BL) in New Orleans. Engineering failure of New Orleans levees and canal walls after HKR set the stage for a quasi-experiment to evaluate BL responses by 13 306 children to reductions in SL. High density soil surveying conducted in 46 census tracts before HKR was repeated after ...

Breast rolls with 6 antimicrobial additive treatments—no preservatives (control), 0.1% potassium benzoate (PB), 2% sodium lactate (SL), 0.1% potassium benzoate plus 2% sodium lactate (PB + SL), 2% sodium lactate plus 0.1% sodium diacetate (SL + SDA), and 0.1% potassum benzoate, 2% sodium lactate, and 0.1% sodium diacetate (PB + SL + SDA)—were prepared. Samples were irradiated at 0, 1.0, or 2.0 ...