BACKGROUND No well-defined protocols currently exist regarding the optimal rate and duration of normal saline administration to prevent contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) in patients with renal insufficiency. METHODS AND RESULTS Hydration volume ratios (hydration volume/weight; HV/W) were calculated in 1406 patients with renal insufficiency (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eG...

AIMS To examine long-term changes in environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure in British men between 1978 and 2000, using serum cotinine. DESIGN Prospective cohort: British Regional Heart Study. SETTING General practices in 24 towns in England, Wales and Scotland. PARTICIPANTS Non-smoking men: 2125 studied at baseline [questionnaire (Q1): 1978-80, aged 40-59 years], 3046 studied 20 year...

KCNE1 (E1) β-subunits assemble with KCNQ1 (Q1) voltage-gated K(+) channel α-subunits to form IKslow (IKs) channels in the heart and ear. The number of E1 subunits in IKs channels has been an issue of ongoing debate. Here, we use single-molecule spectroscopy to demonstrate that surface IKs channels with human subunits contain two E1 and four Q1 subunits. This stoichiometry does not vary. Thus, I...

Let S = {q1, . . . , qs} be a finite, non-empty set of distinct prime numbers. For a non-zero integer m, write m = q1 1 . . . q rs s M , where r1, . . . , rs are non-negative integers and M is an integer relatively prime to q1 . . . qs. We define the S-part [m]S of m by [m]S := q r1 1 . . . q rs s . Let (un)n≥0 be a linear recurrence sequence of integers. Under certain necessary conditions, we ...

It is important to preprocess high-throughput data generated from microarray or mass spectrometry experiments in order to obtain a successful analysis. Outlier detection is an important preprocessing step. For outlier detection, upper and lower fences (Q3+1.5IQR and Q1 − 1.5IQR) of the differences are often used in statistics, where Q1=lower 25% quantile, Q3=upper 25% quantile, and IQR = Q3 − Q...

In Japan the incidence of myocardial infarction or Q1-1 of Minnesota Code is 0.24%-0.54% in epidemiological survey, and the incidence of total cases with Q1-1•`Q1-3 is about 1.0%. The incidence of ischemic heart disease in epidemiological survey is 2.1 %, and the death from arteriosclerotic heart disease including coronary heart disease (B26a) in vital statistics is 3.7%. The incidence of repor...

200 NOTICES OF THE AMS VOLUME 52, NUMBER 2 Introduction A quiver is just a directed graph.1 Formally, a quiver is a pair Q = (Q0,Q1) where Q0 is a finite set of vertices and Q1 is a finite set of arrows between them. If a ∈ Q1 is an arrow, then ta and ha denote its tail and its head, respectively. Let us fix a quiver Q and a base field K. Attach a finite dimensional vector space to each vertex ...

In this paper we investigate the following two questions: Q1: Do there exist optimal proof systems for a given language L? Q2: Do there exist complete problems for a given promise class C? For concrete languages L (such as TAUT or SAT) and concrete promise classes C (such as NP ∩ coNP, UP, BPP, disjoint NP-pairs etc.), these questions have been intensively studied during the last years, and a n...

In this paper we investigate the following two questions: Q1: Do there exist optimal proof systems for a given language L? Q2: Do there exist complete problems for a given promise class C? For concrete languages L (such as TAUT or SAT) and concrete promise classes C (such as NP∩coNP, UP, BPP, disjoint NP-pairs etc.), these questions have been intensively studied during the last years, and a num...

Note that the main lemma used in the proof of Theorem 2 is Lemma 7 below, and the other lemmas are used as auxiliary geometric lemmas. For completeness , we include in this document a figure of the Promenade motion-planning problem, as it appears in the main text. q1 q2 A1 A2 B1 B2 α α 1 Fig. 1: An illustration of the Promenade motion planning problem, a square obstacle within a square bounding...