As an ideal model for studying ethylene effects on cell elongation, Arabidopsis hypocotyl growth is widely used due to the unique characteristic that ethylene stimulates hypocotyl elongation in the light but inhibits it in the dark. Although the contrasting effect of ethylene on hypocotyl growth has long been known, the molecular basis of this effect has only gradually been identified in recent...

Our main motivation question is "Is there any relation between the non-coding region and useless error-
 correcting codes?". Then we focused CDS non-CDS areas instead of exon intron, because involves
 in process synthesis a protein involved by exons. We get data genes from NCBI [21].
 In this study, introduce method Fi-noncds that used for determining using
 error-correcting...

Arabidopsis COP1 acts within the nucleus to repress photomorphogenesis, and its nuclear abundance is negatively regulated by light. Here, we report the identification of a COP1-interactive partner, CIP4. CIP4 is a nuclear protein and a potent transcription coactivator. Conditional suppression of CIP4 expression resulted in an elongated hypocotyl and reduced chlorophyll content in the light, ind...

Developmental plasticity enables plants to respond to elevated ambient temperatures by adapting their shoot architecture. On the cellular level, the basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor phytochrome interacting factor 4 (PIF4) coordinates this response by activating hormonal modules that in turn regulate growth. In addition to an unknown temperature-sensing mechanism, it is current...

Light is an important environmental signal that regulates diverse growth and developmental processes in plants. In these light-regulated processes, multiple hormonal pathways are often modulated by light to mediate the developmental changes. Conversely, hormone levels in plants also serve as endogenous cues in influencing light responsiveness. Although interactions between light and hormone sig...

COP10 is a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme variant (UEV), which is thought to act together with COP1, DET1, and the COP9 signalosome (CSN) in Arabidopsis to repress photomorphogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that COP10 interacts with ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s) in vivo, and can enhance their activity in vitro, an activity distinct from previous characterized UEVs such as MMS2 and UEV1. Furth...