OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential mechanisms underlying the protective effects of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) and carbamylated EPO (CEPO) against myocardial cell apoptosis in epilepsy. METHODS Rats were given an intra-amygdala injection of kainic acid to induce epilepsy. Groups of rats were treated with rhEPO or CEPO before induction of epilepsy, whereas additional rats were...

STAT5 is a member of the signal transducers and activation of transcription (STAT) family of latent transcription factors activated in a variety of cytokine signaling pathways. We introduced alanine substitution mutations in highly conserved regions of murine STAT5A and studied the mutants for dimerization, DNA binding, transactivation, and dominant negative effects on erythropoietin-induced ST...

STAT5 is a member of the signal transducers and activation of transcription (STAT) family of latent transcription factors activated in a variety of cytokine signaling pathways. We introduced alanine substitution mutations in highly conserved regions of murine STAT5A and studied the mutants for dimerization, DNA binding, transactivation, and dominant negative effects on erythropoietin-induced ST...

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a multifunctional cytokine that has been implicated as a causative factor in obesity-linked insulin resistance. It is commonly accepted that macrophage-derived TNF-alpha acts in a paracrine manner on adjacent adipocytes to inhibit the expression of various adipocyte genes and to attenuate insulin signaling. Several studies have revealed that signal tra...

OBJECTIVE The metabolic syndrome is an important social problem affecting many people in developed countries. Obesity is a leading cause of this syndrome, hence understanding molecular mechanisms underlying obesity is of prime importance for preventive medicine to develop novel methods to alleviate the corresponding social cost as well as for pharmaceutical companies to develop antimetabolic dr...