Ambient particulate matter and gas in Kyoto were investigated by gravimetric analysis, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, and ion chromatography in order to clarify their behavior and origin. The size distribution and characteristics of the chemical components in ambient particulates collected on PTFE membrane filters using an Andersen air sampler were examined from August 2001 to April 2004. A f...

As a vital beverage crop, tea has been extensively planted in tropical and subtropical regions. Nitrogen (N) levels and forms are closely related to tea quality. Based on different N levels and forms, we studied changes in NO3- and NH4+ fluxes in tea roots utilizing scanning ion-selective electrode technique. Our results showed that under both single and mixed N forms, influx rates of NO3- were...

To investigate whether Na(+) uptake by zebrafish is dependent on NH4(+) excretion, a scanning ion-selective electrode technique was applied to measure Na(+) and NH4(+) gradients at the yolk-sac surface of zebrafish larvae. Low-Na(+) acclimation induced an inward Na(+) gradient (uptake), and a combination of low Na(+) and high NH4(+) induced a larger inward Na(+) gradient. When measuring the ion...

Chemical precipitation to form magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) is an effective technology for recovering ammonium nitrogen (NH4(+)-N). In the present research, we investigated the thermodynamic modeling of the PHREEQC program for NH4(+)-N recovery to evaluate the effect of reaction factors on MAP precipitation. The case study of NH4(+)-N recovery from coking wastewater was conducted to provi...

Two new complex copper(II) sulfates [Cu(1,10-phen)(H2O)2]SO4 (1, 1,10-phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) and [Cu(2,2′-bipy)(H2O)2]SO4 (2, 2,2′-bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine) have been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray crystallography. 1 and 2 consist of complex cations [Cu(1,10-phen/2,2′-bipy)(H2O)2]2+ and SO42− anions, ...

L-Glutamine, when purified free of traces of NH4+ present in solution, does not act as an alternative substrate to NH4+ for the NADP-specific glutamate dehydrogenase of Neurospora. L-Glutamine interferes with detection of small quantities of NH4+ by Nessler's reagent. L-Asparagine is not an alternative substrate to NH4+ for this enzyme.

Atmospheric rainfall is one of the major sources water and nutrient inputs in forest stands. Understanding atmospheric partitioning hydrochemical fluxes stands critical for management monitoring regional pollution, especially high N deposition regions. In this study, annual collections were implemented to investigate partitioning, element concentrations, an evergreen coniferous (ECF) stand, a d...

Abstract. Atmospheric pollution has many profound effects on human health, ecosystems, and the climate. Of concern are high concentrations deposition of reactive nitrogen (Nr) species, especially reduced N (gaseous NH3, particulate NH4+). chemistry transport models (ACTMs) crucial to understanding sources impacts Nr its potential mitigation. Here we undertake first evaluation global version EME...

Ammonium (NH4) toxicity is an issue of global ecological and economic importance. In this review, we discuss the major themes of NH4 toxicity, including the occurrence of NH4 in the biosphere, response differences to NH4 nutrition among wild and domesticated species, symptoms and proposed mechanisms underlying toxicity, and means by which it can be alleviated. Where possible, nitrate (NO3) nutr...