The aim of this study was to analyze the acute responses of bradykinin, insulin, and glycemia to exercise performed above and below lactate threshold (LT) in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Eleven participants with a diagnosis of T2D randomly underwent three experimental sessions 72 h apart: 1) 20 min of exercise performed at 120% of LT (120%LT), 2) 20 min of exercise performed...

For more than a decade, the biological roles and the apparent redundancy of the cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and lymphotoxin (LT) have been debated. LT alpha exists in its soluble form as a homotrimer, which like TNF only binds the TNF receptors, TNF-R55 or TNF-R75. The cell surface form of LT exists as a heteromer of LT alpha and LT beta subunits and this complex specifically binds th...

s:1462:"Informed consent is central to the doctor-patient relationship and especially to respect the autonomy of the patient that is one of the four principles of biomedical ethics. According to article 190 of Civil Code "consent of both parties is an essential provision for a contract to be made" and according to the definition of contract under Article 183 of the same code, it seems that the ...

Two bacterial products that have been demonstrated to function as mucosal adjuvants are cholera toxin (CT), produced by various strains of Vibrio cholerae, and the heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) produced by some enterotoxigenic strains of Escherichia coli. Although LT and CT have many features in common, they are clearly distinct molecules with biochemical and immunologic differences which make t...

Much interest has been directed at understanding the adjuvant properties of the heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli (LT). In this study, we have assessed how LT compared with the nonenzymatic mutant LT (E112K) affect the level of B7-1 and B7-2 expression on APCs, and we determined how these costimulatory molecules influence their adjuvant properties. Analysis of B7-1 and B7-2 expression...

The primary aim of this study is to determine whether treatment with lamivudine improved pre-liver transplantation (pre-LT) and LT-free survival of patients awaiting LT for hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related cirrhosis. Data from 162 lamivudine-treated and 147 untreated transplant candidates managed at 20 North American transplant centers between 1996 and 1998 were collected and compared. Lamivudin...

Cholera toxin (CT) and the type II heat-labile enterotoxins (HLT) LT-IIa and LT-IIb act as potent systemic and mucosal adjuvants and induce distinct T-helper (Th)-cell cytokine profiles. In the present study, CT and the type II HLT were found to differentially affect cytokine production by anti-CD3-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and the cellular mechanisms responsib...

A model for medulloblastoma-like primitive neuroectodermal tumors was established in rat using retrovirally transduced SV40 large T antigen (LT) as an inducing agent (O. D. Wiestler et al., Brain Pathol., 2: 47–59, 1992). A cell line isolated from such a tumor and clonal derivatives thereof were biologically and molecularly characterized. In the parental tumor cell line, TZ870, which had been s...

Liver transplantation (LT) has emerged as a viable therapy for various end-stage liver diseases. Multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacilli (MDR-GNB) have emerged as predominant pathogens. The prevalence of MDR-GNB infection has been increasing in LT recipients, especially in early post-LT stages. MDR-GNB infection has become a main cause of death following LT. Since key elements of MDR-GNB inf...

1. Thalamic relay cells, including those of the lateral geniculate nucleus, display a low-threshold spike (LT spike), which is a large depolarization due to an increased Ca2+ conductance. Typically riding the crest of each LT spike is a burst of from two to seven action potentials, which we refer to as the LT burst. The LT spike is voltage dependent, because if the cell's resting membrane poten...