The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 2 different bedding types, sand and wood shavings, on the behavior of broiler chickens. In experiment 1, 6 pens were divided down the center and bedded half with sand and half with wood shavings. Male broilers (10/pen) were observed by scan sampling at 5- or 12-min intervals throughout the 6-wk growth period during the morning (between 08...

To test possible dietary immune modulators, 32 crossbred male pigs were given 1 of 4 dietary treatments (8 pigs/treatment): control, Saccharomyces cerevisiae with β-glucan (Energy Plus, Natural Chem Industries LTD, Houston, TX; 0.312 g/kg of BW, 2.5% of diet), vitamin C (Stay C 35, DSM Nutritional Products Inc., Prisippany, NJ; 75 ppm), or β-glucan plus vitamin C together (combination; 0.312 g/...

During fall, 30 Holstein calves were randomly assigned to three housing treatments from birth to weaning: conventional wooden hutches, enclosed molded polyethylene domes, and thermomolded opaque polymer hutches with ridge-top ventilation systems. The wooden and polymer hutches had outdoor pens. Fifteen calves, 5 in each housing type, were fitted with portable data loggers to record ambient (cal...

PURPOSE Although a single bout of continuous exercise (≥30 min) reduces postprandial triglyceride (TG), little evidence is available regarding the effect of multiple short (≤10 min) bouts of exercise on postprandial TG in individuals at increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. This study compared the effects of different patterns of walking on postprandial TG in postmenopausal, older women w...

Ghrelin is an orexigenic hormone secreted from endocrine cells in the stomach and other tissues. Acylation of ghrelin is essential for appetite regulation. Vigorous exercise induces appetite suppression, but this does not appear to be related to suppressed concentrations of total ghrelin. This study examined the effect of exercise and feeding on plasma acylated ghrelin and appetite. Nine male s...

The recently discovered orexigenic peptide ghrelin is produced primarily by the stomach and circulates in blood at levels that increase during prolonged fasting in rats. When administered to rodents at supraphysiological doses, ghrelin activates hypothalamic neuropeptide Y/agouti gene-related protein neurons and increases food intake and body weight. These findings suggest that ghrelin may part...

Millet is unusually drought resistant and consequently there is a progressive increase in the use of these grains as a human food staple, especially in large areas of India and sub-Saharan Africa. The purpose of this study was to determine the absorption of iron and zinc from pearl millet biofortified with 2 micronutrients that are typically deficient in nonfortified, plant-based diets globally...

TRACK 1 {Intro/Intermediate Tutorials} 0900 – 1230 Introduction to UML: Structural & Use Case Modeling Cris Kobryn, Telelogic In a relatively short time the Unified Modeling Language has emerged as the industry standard for graphically specifying software systems. Unfortunately, since the language is large and complex users sometimes find it difficult to learn and apply. This pragmatic tutorial...

In normal men, the majority of GH secretion occurs in a single large postsleep onset pulse that is suppressed during total sleep deprivation. We examined the impact of semichronic partial sleep loss, a highly prevalent condition, on the 24-h growth hormone profile. Eleven young men were studied after six nights of restricted bedtimes (0100-0500) and after 7 nights of extended bedtimes (2100-090...

The relationship between malic acid production and carbon assimilation was examined in the submerged aquatic Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plant, Isoetes howellii Engelmann. Under natural conditions free-CO(2) level in the water was highest at 0600 hours and (14)CO(2) assimilation rates in I. howellii were also highest at this time. After 0900 hours there was a similar pattern in (a) rate ...