An existing idle cooling tower can be reversibly used as a heat-source tower (HST) to drive a heat pump (HP) in cold seasons, with calcium chloride (CaCl2) aqueous solution commonly selected as the secondary working fluid in an indirect system due to its good thermo-physical properties. This study analyzed the effect of CaCl2 mass fraction on the effectiveness (ε) of a closed HST and the coeffi...

The cement industry is carbon-intensive, and the valorisation of industrial side-streams/residuals for use as alternative raw materials can enable to reduce its carbon footprint well promote resource efficiency. Apart from key clinker ingredients such CaO, Al2O3, SiO2, residues also contain MgO, CaCl2, SO3. Therefore, this study investigates formation assemblages in system CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-SO3-Ca...

Road salt deicers, especially NaCl and CaCl2, are increasingly applied to paved areas throughout the world. The goal of this study is to investigate the influence of high concentrations of these salts on wetland biogeochemistry. Sediment cores were collected in fall and spring from a freshwater wetland fringing an urban kettle lake (Asylum Lake, Kalamazoo, MI, USA), and incubated for 100 days i...

1. Proteoglycan was obtained from bovine nasal cartilage by a procedure involving sequential extraction with a low-ionic-strength KCl solution, then a high-ionic-strength CaCl2 solution. Purification was by CsCl-density-gradient centrifugation. 2. The CaCl2- extracted proteoglycan was subjected to proteolytic degradation by papain, trypsin, cathepsin D, cathepsin B, lysosomal elastase or cathep...

  During last two decades, polysaccharides such as alginate (Alg) alone and in combination with other biopolymers are widely used in vaccine and drug delivery systems. The aim of the present work was to investigate the potential utility of microparticles made of alginate (Alg) as new vehicles for improving nasal vaccine delivery. For this purpose, diphtheria toxoid (DT) was chosen as a model an...

This study was aimed at investigating the use of intra-testicular calcium chloride (CaCl2) and 4-vinylcyclohexene 1,2-monoepoxide (VCM) injections as a side effect-free alternative method for the control of reproduction in guinea pigs. Fifty male guinea pigs were randomly assigned to five groups. In all groups, the chemical agents were injected into both testes in 1% lidocaine hydrochloride. Wh...

Background The cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis shows promise as a carbohydrate feedstock for biofuel production. The glycogen accumulated in A. platensis can be extracted by lysozyme-degrading the peptidoglycan layer of the bacterial cell walls. The extracted glycogen can be converted to ethanol through hydrolysis by amylolytic enzymes and fermentation by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae...

1. After the concentration of potassium in the haemolymph of Helix pomatia has been raised by the infusion of KCl, it falls approximately exponentially for a time and then tends to rise. The accompanying rise and fall of calcium concentration can be fitted to a simple mathematical model. 2. The mobilization of calcium is accompanied by the generation of bicarbonate in equivalent amounts, withou...