Background and Purpose Poland is a country with high morbidity and mortality rates from cardiovascular diseases. No recent studies have evaluated the contribution of cerebrovascular diseases to this morbidity and mortality. Our aim was to accurately determine stroke incidence rates in Warsaw, Poland. Methods A 2-year prospective and population-based stroke registry was maintained for health car...

IMPORTANCE Schools present highly desirable marketing environments for food and beverage companies. However, most marketed items are nutritionally poor. OBJECTIVE To examine national trends in student exposure to selected school-based commercialism measures from 2007 through 2012. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Annual nationally representative cross-sectional studies were evaluated in US...

Many Android apps use SSL/TLS to transmit sensitive information securely. However, developers often provide their own implementation of the standard SSL/TLS certificate validation process. Unfortunately, many such custom implementations have subtle bugs, have built-in exceptions for self-signed certificates, or blindly assert all certificates are valid, leaving many Android apps vulnerable to S...

OBJECTIVE To compare the risk of reproductive and infant outcomes between male childhood cancer survivors and a population-based comparison group. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Four US regions. PARTICIPANTS Cancer registries identified males younger than 20 years diagnosed with cancer from 1973 to 2000. Linked birth certificates identified first subsequent live offspring (N =...

To address the nation’s ongoing interest in student achievement, some researchers have focused on the effect of block scheduling—a model in which students take fewer classes for longer periods of time. Although block scheduling has demonstrated its viability in high schools, little research has explored its effect at the middle level. Because the middle level years are often marked by a decline...

Today we continue with some additional aspects of quantifier elimination. We will then recall the Positivstellensatz and its relations with semidefinite programming. After introducing copositive matrices, we present Pólya’s theorem on positive forms on the simplex, and the associated relaxations. Finally, we conclude with an important result due to Schmüdgen about representation of positive pol...

Given the importance of idiomatic meaning expressions, especially for EFL teachers who have responsibility writing research, so present study aims at testing ability (40) in Nineveh schools post-graduate certificates and work schools, to identify two types some sentences. The researcher prepared a test consisting items; each item consisted four options, one is correct. Two idioms are included w...

Abstract This qualitative analysis of peer observation practices is part of a larger, comparative case study, “Developing Human Capital Within Schools,” conducted by the Project on the Next Generation of Teachers. Within one city, we interviewed 142 teachers and administrators in six high-poverty schools (traditional, charter, and turnaround), all of which had achieved the highest rating in the...

This entry provides a thorough introduction to computer-assisted and -aided language learning (CALL). It starts by providing the definition and history of CALL and associated relevant terms. Then, an existing CALL methodological framework is presented and discussed. This is then followed by an overview of the current state of CALL by citing some representative examples of its uses and discussin...