Capacitive Deionization [2] (CDI [3]) is a water [4] purification process that offers promise in the deionization of salt and brackish water [4]. The process can create potable water [4] out of salt laden water [4] by using electric currents to separate the ions in the solution and attract them to cathode and anode plates. These plates act as filters, drawing salt and other ionized metals out o...

A variety of imaging technologies are now routinely used in the medical field, their use being continuously enlarged through the development of contrast agents. Recently nanoparticles (NPs) proved efficient to improve imaging in vivo by increasing contrast and targeting capabilities. The current trend is now focused on the development of dual contrast agents combining two or more functionalitie...

To investigate the effect of calcium salts on the thermodynamic and transport properties of aqueous solutions of proteins, we report ternary diffusion coefficients for the lysozyme-CaCl2-water ternary system at 25 degrees C and pH 4.5. We have used our ternary diffusion coefficients to calculate preferential-interaction coefficients as a function of salt concentration. This has allowed us to ch...

The bonds in the five-membered ring of the title hydrated salt, C(14)H(17)N(2) (+)·Br(-)·2H(2)O, are delocalized. The cation lies on a special position of m site symmetry such that the mirror plane passes through the imidazol-yl-methyl bond and is perpendicular to the plane of the cation. The anion lies on another special position of 2 site symmetry. The anion and uncoordinated water mol-ecule ...

The agro-hydrological Soil–Water–Atmosphere–Plant (SWAP) model was calibrated and validated to simulate water–salt transport based on field experiments in an arid region of China. The simulation results show lower soil water content but higher salt concentration under deficit irrigation. Soil water and salinity below 95 cm at 80% evapotranspiration (ETc ) treatments and 65 cm at 60% ETc treatme...

Salt crystallization is one of the most important weathering agents and may limit the durability of building stones. Salt crystallization induces stresses inside the pores of stones. Consequently, stone durability is closely related to its physical properties and strength. The purpose of this study was to propose a statistical model for estimating stone durability against salt crystallization c...

The idea that Na(+) retention inevitably leads to water retention is compelling; however, were Na(+) accumulation in part osmotically inactive, regulatory alternatives would be available. We speculated that in DOCA-salt rats Na(+) accumulation is excessive relative to water. Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four subgroups. Groups 1 and 2 (controls) received tap water or 1% sal...

In the title monohydrated salt, (C(6)H(14)N(2))[CuBr(4)]·H(2)O, the copper(II) ion is coordinated by the four bromide ions in a flattened tetra-hedral geometry. In the crystal, the cations, anions and water mol-ecules inter-act via N-H⋯O, O-H⋯Br and N-H⋯Br hydrogen bonds, forming chains parallel to the b axis. The chains are further linked by O-H⋯Br hydrogen bonds into layers parallel to the bc...

The asymmetric unit of the organic-inorganic hybrid salt, 2C(9)H(14)N(+)·C(10)H(6)O(6)S(2) (2-)·2H(2)O, consists of one dimeth-yl(4-methyl-phen-yl)ammonium cation, one half of a naphthalene-1,5-disulfonate anion lying on a crystallographic centre of inversion, and one water mol-ecule. In the crystal, O-H⋯O(S) and N-H⋯OH(2) hydrogen bonds link the cations and anions forming ring motifs.

We employ molecular dynamics simulations to study the wetting and evaporation of salt-water nanodroplets on platinum surfaces. Our results show that the contact angle of the droplets increases with the salt concentration. To verify this, a second simulation system of a thin salt-water film on a platinum surface is used to calculate the various surface tensions. We find that both the solid-liqui...