The Asian clam, Corbicula fluminea, is an invasive alien species (IAS) originally from Asia that has spread worldwide causing major ecological and economic impacts in aquatic ecosystems. Here, we evaluated C. fluminea genetic (using COI mtDNA, CYTb mtDNA and 18S rDNA gene markers), morphometric and sperm morphology variation in Portuguese freshwater ecosystems. The COI marker revealed a single ...

A comparison of Carnot’s thermodynamic statements, published in his Reflections, with the Watt’s ideas shows that Carnot used thermodynamics, but he did not understand it properly. For instance, realize idea production work steam engine requires a consumption heat. Also, instead pressure difference boiler-to-condenser, temperature to be direct quantity for transport caloric engine. Many stateme...

Osmanlı tarihinin en sıkıntılı dönemlerinden biri 1774 yılında, Küçük Kaynarca Antlaşması’ndan sonra başladı. hazinesi biten savaşın mâliyeti altında ezilmişti, daha kötüsü müstakbel savaşa hazırlanmak için büyük sıkıntılarla baş etmek zorundaydı. Mali krizin zirveye çıktığı bu dönemde hazinenin destekçisi Darbhâne-i Ȃmire olacaktı. Sultan III. Mustafa’nın cülusundan gelişen olaylar Darphane’ye...

Introduction. The article reviews events to have aimed at preparing Russia’s military for the war against Turkey in late 1760s. former included both general strategy development and involvement of Kalmyk troops. Special attention was paid preparation orders on cavalry’s mobilization, its distribution across Russian army groups, elaboration tactical plans, provisioning allowances. Goals. So, stu...

((2)) [843]. + [197, 2156]. 1 [205]. 12 [2283]. 2 [1255, 56, 2077, 291, 289, 1207, 1833, 1774, 2245, 290]. 3 [762, 104, 326, 295, 56, 681, 1212, 758, 929, 291, 754, 67, 289, 1742, 757, 305, 1770, 286, 742, 310, 751, 2259, 2295, 2278, 2244, 2289, 1745, 2283, 2286, 2263, 1766, 290]. 4 [56, 283]. 5 [2258]. 6 [2258]. << [2156]. β [959, 870]. χ [1510]. D [799, 1978, 1992, 2219]. E [812]. K [250, 196...

The echolocation calls of the noctule bat Nyctalus noctula (Schreber, 1774) were recorded at night, from June to August 1991, using a QMC S200 bat detector, in 5 habitats (river, forest-meadow ecotone, village, coniferous forest, deciduous forest) of the Białowieża Primeval Forest (eastern Poland). Two main kinds of signals were identified: search calls and feeding buzzes. Acoustic activity was...