The persistently bright ultra-compact neutron star low-mass X-ray binary 4U 1820$-$30 displays a $\sim$170 d accretion cycle, evolving between phases of high and low modes, where the 3 -- 10 keV flux changes by factor up to $\approx 8$. source is generally in soft spectral state, but may transition harder state mode. Here, we present new archival radio observations during its modes. For taken w...

The article examines the transfer of ideas and practices constitutionalism from Spain to Kingdom Two Sicilies in 1812–1820. On basis dispatches Russian envoy Naples Gustav Stackelberg, author analyses features revolutionary events summer — autumn 1820. immediate objects Count Stackelberg’s observation were situation Bourbon monarchy new constitutional government; their relations with Carbonari ...

Abstract Context Current diversity and species composition of ecological communities can often not exclusively be explained by present land use landscape structure. Historical may have considerably influenced ecosystems their properties for decades centuries. Objectives We analysed the effects historical structure on plant arthropod richness in temperate grasslands, using data from comprehensiv...

Maya Stanfield-Mazzi’s Clothing the New World Church: Liturgical Textiles of Spanish America, 1520-1820 (2021) is first broad survey that highlights some essential threads in social and material history textile production usage within context Catholic Church America. This review publication’s contribution interdisciplinary research field.

We present the results of detailed spectral studies of the ultra-compact low mass X-ray binary (LMXB) 4U 1820-30 carried out with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) during 1996-7. 4U 1820-30 is an " atoll " source X-ray burster (XRB) located in the globular cluster NGC 6624. It is known to have an 11 minute binary period and a ∼ 176 day modulation in its 2–12 keV flux. Observations were mad...