Images of outdoor scenes are usually degraded under bad weather conditions, which results in a hazy image. To date, most haze removal methods based on a single image have ignored the effects of sensor blur and noise. Therefore, in this paper, a three-stage algorithm for haze removal, considering sensor blur and noise, is proposed. In the first stage, we preprocess the degraded image and elimina...

The outage probability in a mobile communications environment, where the interferers are randomly distributed on the ground, taking into account the background noise, the cochannel interference and the random effects of propagation (lognormal shadowing and Rayleigh fading), is evaluated. Although not feasible in closed form, the computation can be performed numerically in a very fast and accura...

synonymy is a common phenomenon among different languages. the linguists of the world have had various views about it. thus, first this issue is put to survey among arabic linguists and then its scope in the holy qur’ān is discussed. the phenomenon of synonymy has its proponents and opponents, each having their own reasons. this disagreement stems from the lack of a comprehensive and exclusive ...