A simulation and optimization model was developed and applied to an irrigated area in Delta, Utah to optimize the economic benefit, simulate the water demand, and search the related crop area percentages with specified water supply and planted area constraints. The user interface model begins with the weather generation submodel, which produces daily weather data, which is based on long-term mo...

The MAT region of Ustilago hordei, a bipolar barley pathogen, harbors distinct mating functions (a and b loci). Here, we show that the b locus is essential for mating and pathogenicity, and can induce pathogenicity when introduced into a strain carrying a b locus of opposite specificity. Transformation experiments using components of the a1 locus and analysis of resulting dual mating phenotypes...

Three experiments were conducted to determine the effect of increasing field pea level in high-concentrate finishing cattle diets on ADG, DMI, G:F, and carcass traits, and to estimate the NE of field pea. In Exp. 1, 118 yearling heifers (417.9 +/- 2.4 kg initial BW) were blocked by initial BW and assigned randomly to 1 of 4 treatments (0, 10, 20, or 30% dry-rolled field pea, DM basis; 4 pens/tr...

The Gram-positive genus Clavibacter harbors economically important plant pathogens infecting a variety of agricultural crops, such as potato, tomato, corn, barley, etc. Here, we report five new genome sequences, those of strains CFIA-Cs3N, CFIA-CsR14, LMG 3663T, LMG 7333T, and ATCC 33566T, from different subspecies of Clavibacter michiganensis All these genomic data will be used for reclassific...

This study evaluated the effects of replacing barley silage (BS) with corn silage (CS) in dairy cow diets on enteric CH4 emissions, ruminal fermentation characteristics, digestion, milk production, and N balance. Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a total mixed ration (TMR; forage:concentrate ratio 60:4...

Abstract This study investigated the effects on beer colloidal stability of full-scale brewing with adjuncts, enzymes, and finings. Industrial lager beers were produced solely from barley malt or adjuncts (corn grist starch syrup unmalted barley). Various stabilization aids also used (silica gel, PVPP, proline-specific endoprotease, carrageenan). Predictive shelf-life tests conducted. We analyz...

Standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA in protein ingredients and grains was determined in weaned piglets (5 kg initial BW) using the difference method. Animals were fitted with a simple ileal T-cannula on day 24 or 25 of age. A synthetic diet based on corn (Zea mays) starch and casein was either supplemented with an extruded soybean (Glycine max) meal (ESM), rice (Oryza sativa) protein c...

An experiment was conducted to examine the effect that various isoenergetic diets, containing different quantities of soluble carbohydrate and fiber and different types of starch, have on nitrogen (N) balances. Six lactating dairy cows in early to midlactation consuming grass silage diets with not less than 600 g/kg total DMI as forage were used in the experiment. Four concentrates were prepare...

The survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in feces from steers fed corn (CO) or barley (BA) was evaluated at -10, +4 and +22 degrees C. Fecal pats were inoculated with a four-strain mixture of nalidixic-acid resistant E. coli O157:H7 at two levels: 10(3) CFU g(-1) (low, L) and 105 CFU g(-1) (high, H). At -10 degrees C, duration of survival of E. coli O157:H7 was reduced (p < 0.05) in CO-L (35 da...