Cationic inner valence states of molecular clusters have recently been shown to decay via a novel intermolecular mechanism. To compute the lifetimes and energies of the non-stationary states, we advocate the strategy to use standard quantum chemistry procedures augmented by complex absorbing potentials. A new and eecient complex absorbing potential has been implemented to take the non-compact g...

Most considerations of global climate change caused by human activities, including the Kyoto convention (1), have focused on the warming influence of greenhouse gases (2). However, aerosols are another important atmospheric constituent that influences climate and has been affected by human activities (3, 4). Aerosol particles increase scattering and absorption of shortwave (solar) radiation (5,...

We consider the construction of absorbing boundary layers using asymp-totic expansions, the small parameter being the width of the layer. This allows us to deene the order of the layer. We compute layers of various orders and analyse their stability properties. Finally we perform some numerical tests to evaluate the practical utility of our layers. 1. Introduction Classically when one wants to ...

A ring is called a Gelfand ring (pm ring ) if each prime ideal is contained in a unique maximal ideal. For a Gelfand ring R with Jacobson radical zero, we show that the following are equivalent: (1) R is Artinian; (2) R is Noetherian; (3) R has a finite Goldie dimension; (4) Every maximal ideal is generated by an idempotent; (5) Max (R) is finite. We also give the following resu1ts:an ideal...

iran is located in an area with high earthquake risk. there are over 20 active faults with length of 500 km and also densely populated parts of the country have been rendered vulnerable to strong earthquakes. however, existence of eight faults of the main faults of iran along with at least 18 faults with length of more than 100 km in kerman province have turned the place into one of the riskies...

Efficient sampling with swabs is crucial for optimal forensic DNA analysis. The recovery determined by the skill of practitioner and compatibility between applied swab surface. Here we investigate impact swabbing technique type on yield. Thirteen different from four categories (cotton, flocked nylon, small foam large foam) provided equal yields smooth/non-absorbing surfaces. Large gave higher a...

Fluorescence spectroscopy is in many ways the ideal tool for the interrogation of complex biological systems, as it is non-invasive, sensitive, and offers high spatiotemporal resolution. For biomedical imaging luminescent probes absorbing and emitting in the red-to-near infrared (NIR) region are best suited to maximise tissue penetration and minimise damage to cellular components. NIR-emitting ...