Katsaras 1 defined a fuzzy norm on a vector space to construct a fuzzy vector topological structure on the space. Some mathematicians have defined fuzzy norms on a vector space from various points of view 2–4 . In particular, Bag and Samanta 5 , following Cheng and Mordeson 6 , gave an idea of fuzzy norm in such a manner that the corresponding fuzzy metric is of Kramosil and Michálek type 7 . T...

The goal here is to extend this result to general normed vector spaces over the reals. Informally, a “vector space over the reals,” is a set X together with the operations vector addition and scalar multiplication, which are assumed to have the usual properties (e.g., vector addition is commutative). “Over the reals” means that scalars are in R rather than in some other field, such as the compl...

Katsaras 1 defined a fuzzy norm on a vector space to construct a fuzzy vector topological structure on the space. Some mathematicians have defined fuzzy norms on a vector space from various points of view 2–4 . In particular, Bag and Samanta 5 , following Cheng and Mordeson 6 , gave an idea of fuzzy norm in such a manner that the corresponding fuzzy metric is of Kramosil and Michálek type 7 . T...

in the present paper a solution of the generalizedquadratic functional equation$$f(kx+ y)+f(kx+sigma(y))=2k^{2}f(x)+2f(y),phantom{+} x,yin{e}$$ isgiven where $sigma$ is an involution of the normed space $e$ and$k$ is a fixed positive integer. furthermore we investigate thehyers-ulam-rassias stability of the functional equation. thehyers-ulam stability on unbounded domains is also studied.applic...

In this paper we introduce and investigate I2-convergence, I∗ 2 -convergence, I2-limit points, and I2-cluster points of a double sequence in a fuzzy 2-normed linear space. We prove a decomposition theorem for I2-convergence of double sequences. The notions of I2-double Cauchy and I∗ 2 -double Cauchy sequence are defined, and some of their properties are studied.

The purpose of this paper is to establish the Hyers-UlamRassias stability of quartic functional equation (3 ) ( 3 ) 64 ( ) 64 ( ) 24 ( ) 6 ( ) f x y f x y f x f y f x y f x y          in the setting of random normed space and intuitionistic random normed space. The stability of the equation is proved by using the fixed point method and direct method.

‎it is well known that every (real or complex) normed linear space $l$ is isometrically embeddable into $c(x)$ for some compact hausdorff space $x$‎. ‎here $x$ is the closed unit ball of $l^*$ (the set of all continuous scalar-valued linear mappings on $l$) endowed with the weak$^*$ topology‎, ‎which is compact by the banach--alaoglu theorem‎. ‎we prove that the compact hausdorff space $x$ can ...

Various kinds of closed centred sets in normed spaces are considered. Necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained for every decreasing sequence of such sets to have nonempty intersection. Let X be a real or complex normed space. Recall that a set S ⊆ X is symmetric if S = −S and balanced if tS ⊆ S for all t ∈ [−1, 1]. It is convenient to introduce the following definitions. Definitions. 1....

1.1. Introducton to Banach Spaces Definition 1.1. Let X be a K–vector space. A functional p ∶ X → [0,+∞) is called a seminorm, if (a) p(λx) = ∣λ∣p(x), ∀λ ∈ K, x ∈X, (b) p(x + y) ≤ p(x) + p(y), ∀x, y ∈X. Definition 1.2. Let p be a seminorm such that p(x) = 0 ⇒ x = 0. Then, p is a norm (denoted by ∥ ⋅ ∥). Definition 1.3. A pair (X, ∥ ⋅ ∥) is called a normed linear space. Lemma 1.4. Each normed sp...