OBJECTIVE To perform a reference case cost-utility analysis of second-eye cataract surgery by using the current literature on cataract outcomes and complications. DESIGN Computer-based econometric modeling. METHODS Visual acuity data of patients treated and observed over a 4-month postoperative period were obtained from the U.S. National Cataract Patient Outcomes Research Team report. The r...

OBJECTIVE To determine if brief alcohol interventions in trauma centers reduce health care costs. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA Alcohol-use disorders are the leading cause of injury. Brief interventions in trauma patients reduce subsequent alcohol intake and injury recidivism but have not yet been widely implemented. METHODS This was a cost-benefit analysis. The study population consisted of inju...

OBJECTIVE To examine the incremental cost effectiveness of the five first line pharmacological smoking cessation therapies in the Seychelles and other developing countries. DESIGN A Markov chain cohort simulation. SUBJECTS Two simulated cohorts of smokers: (1) a reference cohort given physician counselling only; (2) a treatment cohort given counselling plus cessation therapy. INTERVENTION...

BACKGROUND Patterns of therapy switching in patients receiving long-acting opioids have not been well documented. OBJECTIVE To compare therapy switching among patients beginning treatment with controlled-release (CR) oxycodone, transdermal fentanyl, or CR morphine sulfate. METHODS Using a US healthcare claims database, we identified patients beginning treatment with CR oxycodone, transderma...

Iran as a rapidly developing country, whose economy is enriched by oil and gas exports, has to integrate Green Economy concept into its energy sector. In order to integrate environmental concerns into energy sector, an Energy-Environment Review (EER) was considered as the mainstreaming tool capable of examining the interface between energy and the environment. The results of the EER should be i...