BACKGROUND Brain atrophy studies often use FSL-BET (Brain Extraction Tool) as the first step of image processing. Default BET does not always give satisfactory results on 3DT1 MR images, which negatively impacts atrophy measurements. Finding the right alternative BET settings can be a difficult and time-consuming task, which can introduce unwanted variability. AIM To systematically analyze th...

The biodegradation of 4-octylphenoxyacetic acid (OP1EC) was studied in laboratory columns to determine the residual concentration that can persist during groundwater recharge or transport. Biofilm models predict residual concentrations are independent of the initial concentration and residence time. Two column trains, constructed with glass beads and providing a residence time of 280 min were f...

A coupled process was studied for the removal of a chlorinated pesticide: 2,4Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). A home-made electrochemical flow cell was used for the pre-treatment and a biological treatment was then carried out using activated sludge supplied by a local wastewater treatment plant. 2,4-D was used as a target compound for the study. Several parameters were monitored during the ...

Surface waters in the Florida Everglades contain high levels of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) compounds. C values of DOC samples collected from the northern Everglades indicate that less than about 23% of the DOC was derived from sugarcane (the dominant agricultural crop in the area), and the amount of DOC from sugarcane was greater during the dry period. Most of the DOC (> 50%) in the norther...

Heated (20 min at 70 degrees C) amphotericin B-desoxycholate (hAMB-DOC) was further characterized, as was another formulation obtained after centrifugation (60 min, 3000 x g), hcAMB-DOC. Conventional AMB-DOC consisted of individual micelles (approximately 4 nm in diameter) and threadlike aggregated micelles, as revealed by cryo-transmission electron microscopy. For both hAMB-DOC and hcAMB-DOC, ...

Osteoarthritis (OA), also erroneously called degenerative joint disease, represents failure of a diarthrodial joint. In idiopathic OA, the most common form of the disease, no predisposing factor is apparent. Secondary OA is pathologically indistinguishable from idiopathic OA, but is attributable to an underlying cause, such as trauma or metabolic and endocrine diseases.1 Major trauma and repeti...

Mammalian mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is inherited principally down the maternal line, but the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. Females harboring a mixture of mutant and wild-type mtDNA (heteroplasmy) transmit a varying proportion of mutant mtDNA to their offspring. In humans with mtDNA disorders, the proportion of mutated mtDNA inherited from the mother correlates with disease sever...

The land-ocean dissolved organic carbon (DOC) flux represents a significant term within the global budget, with peatland-dominated regions representing most intense sources of terrestrial DOC export. As interface between freshwater and marine systems, estuaries have potential to act as filter flux, removing terrestrially derived DOC, which is present at low concentrations in oceans, via combina...