Thermally activated chemical vapor-phase etching of titanium nitride (TiN) is studied by utilizing either alternate exposures niobium pentafluoride (NbF5) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or using CCl4 alone. Nitrogen (N2) gas purge steps are carried out in between every reactant exposure. Titanium etched a non-self-limiting way NbF5–CCl4 based binary chemistry at temperatures 370 460 °C. Spectr...

conclusions the results of this study showed that arbutin may protect the liver against ccl4-induced oxidative damage in rats. this hepatoprotective effect might be correlated with the antioxidant and free radical scavenger effects of arbutin. results treatment with ccl4 for 28 d decreased the levels of total protein and albumin and increased the level of bilirubin and lipid peroxidation. arbut...

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is widely used as an animal model of hepatotoxicity and the mechanisms have been arduously studied, however, the contribution of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in CCl4-induced acute hepatotoxicity remains controversial. It is also known that either CCl4 or SNS can affect systemic inflammatory responses. The aim of this study was to establish the effect of chemi...

Article history: Received on: 14/07/2016 Revised on: 17/08/2016 Accepted on: 02/09/2016 Available online: 28/12/2016 Background/Aim: The liver is continuously linked to the gut via the portal vein supply. Gastrointestinal complications are directly associated with liver cirrhosis. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) caused liver toxicity is well documented in animal models, the very fewer search has be...

Cynara scolymus is a pharmacologically important medicinal plant containing phenolic acids and flavonoids. Experimental studies indicate antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of C. scolymus but there have been no studies about therapeutic effects of liver diseases yet. In the present study, hepatocurative effects of C. scolymus leaf extract on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced oxidative st...

We have investigated the bio-defensive function of low-dose LPS pretreatment on CCl4-induced fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) in rats. In male Donryu rats treated with CCl4 at 1.0 ml/kg i.p., the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) increased up to a peak at 24 h. The increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration was biphasic, i.e., a first peak at 1 h and a second at 3 days. However, when rats w...

Infection with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) causes brain injury. Type I interferons (IFNα/β) are critical mediators of any anti-viral immune response and IFNβ has been implicated in the temporary control of lentiviral infection in the brain. Here we show that transgenic mice expressing HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein 120 in their central nervous system (HIVgp120tg) mount a transient IFNβ ...

Ellagic acid has been proven to have anticancer, antimutation, antimicrobial and antiviral functions. The present study investigated whether treatment with ellagic acid was able to prevent tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced cirrhosis through the inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and angiogenesis. CCl4 diluted in olive oil at a final concentration of 10% was used to induce a cirrho...

  Background: Taraxacum officinale and Berberis vulgaris have long been used as herbal remedies for treatment of a variety of complaints including liver dysfunction and gallbladder disease. However scientifically reliable data are needed to verify their minimum effective doses.   Objective: In present study, the effects of Taraxacum officinale L. and Berberis vulgaris L. root extracts at the di...

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of alcoholic and aqueous extracts of Nigella sativa seeds on the reproductive values, some sexual hormones level and histological change of treated and normal male mice at one spermatogenesis cycle (five weeks). Sixty albino Swiss male mice were used as animal model, they divided into six groups equally, and 1st group served as control group, t...