BACKGROUND Comparative morphology identifies the digits of the wing of birds as 1,2 and 3, but they develop at embryological positions that become digits 2, 3 and 4 in other amniotes. A hypothesis to explain this is that a homeotic frame shift of digital identity occurred in the evolution of the bird wing, such that digits 1,2 and 3 are developing from embryological positions 2, 3 and 4. Digit ...

For assessing simultaneous visual processing in dyslexic and normal readers a multi-element processing task was used which required the report of a single digit of briefly presented multi-digit arrays. Dyslexic readers exhibited higher recognition thresholds on 4- and 6-digit, but not on 2-digit arrays. Individual recognition thresholds on the multi-digit arrays were associated with number of e...

Abstract Objective We aimed to investigate the medical characteristics of helicopter hoist operations (HHO) in HEMS missions. Methods designed a retrospective study evaluating all HHO and other human external cargo (HEC) missions performed by Swiss Air-Rescue (Rega) between January 1, 2010, December 31, 2019. Results During period, 9,963 (88.7 %) with HEC were conducted during day, 1,265 (11.3 ...

N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) is a well-known antioxidant that is capable of facilitating glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis and replenishing intracellular GSH under oxidatively challenging circumstances. N-acetyl-cysteine-amide (NACA), the amide form of NAC, is a newly designed and synthesized thiol-containing compound which is believed to be more lipophilic and permeable through cell membranes than N...

Hypertrophied and failing cardiac myocytes generally show alterations in intracellular Ca2+ handling associated with changes in the contractile function and arrhythmogenicity. The cardiac Na+-Ca2+ exchange (NCX) is an important mechanism for Ca2+ extrusion and cell relaxation. Its possible involvement in changes of excitation-contraction coupling (EC-coupling) with disease remains uncertain. We...

The fluid–structure interaction of a pivoting rigid wing connected to spring and subjected freestream airflow in wind tunnel is presented. Fluid–structure interactions can, on the one hand, lead undesirable aerodynamic behaviour or, extreme cases, structural failure. On other improved performance can be achieved if controlled application within certain limitations provided. One reduction drag r...

Abstract With the growing importance of renewable energy, interest in energy-harvesting technologies based on flow-induced vibrations airfoils has been rekindled past few years. Compared to conventional turbines, these devices are centrifugal stress-free and hence they structurally more robust. They also environmentally friendly due relatively low speeds, thus reducing impact flying animals. In...

BACKGROUND The fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) 4-Digit Diagnostic Code has been used by interdisciplinary diagnostic teams worldwide for 17 years. It was created to improve the ease, accuracy, and reproducibility of diagnoses across the full spectrum of FASD. Over the years, a number of FAS/D diagnostic guidelines have been proposed. As the field of FASD moves forward, it will be importa...

Investigations of multi-digit number processing typically focus on two-digit numbers. Here, we aim to investigate the generality of results from two-digit numbers for four- and six-digit numbers. Previous studies on two-digit numbers mostly suggested a parallel processing of tens and units. In contrast, the few studies examining the processing of larger numbers suggest sequential processing of ...