At the last International High Energy Physics Conference in 1966 the speaker on this same topic of quantum electrodynamics concluded with these remarks: ‘IBy now I have strayed very far from the usual energy domain of 10mFIO eV for a high energy conference to 10Wg eV in discussing a missing few tenths of a MHz in the Lamb shift. In fact, both domains are important in probing the detailed behavi...

Estimating bacterial community composition from a mixed sample in different applied contexts is an important task for many microbiologists. The bacterial community composition is commonly estimated by clustering polymerase chain reaction amplified 16S rRNA gene sequences. Current taxonomy-independent clustering methods for analyzing these sequences, such as UCLUST, ESPRIT-Tree and CROP, have tw...

between 1922 and 1963 was carried out. Clinical stage, age, sex, histolÃ3gica! type, presence of or absence of loss of weight, fever, night sweats, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and red cell, granulocyte, and lymphocyte blood counts all have significant correlation with survival. Most of these factors are themselves interrelated. Statistical studies were carried out in order to evaluate the i...

We present a de novo assembly of a eukaryote transcriptome using 454 pyrosequencing data. The Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia; Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) is a prominent species in population biology but had no previous genomic data. Sequencing runs using two normalized complementary DNA collections from a genetically diverse pool of larvae, pupae, and adults yielded 608,053 expre...

454 pyrosequencing, a massively parallel sequencing (MPS) technology, is often used to study HIV genetic variation. However, the substantial mismatch error rate of the PCR required to prepare HIV-containing samples for pyrosequencing has limited the detection of rare variants within viral populations to those present above ~1%. To improve detection of rare variants, we varied PCR enzymes and co...

In the course of a global survey of the indoor mycobiota, we sampled and analysed settled dust from 87 buildings from 14 countries, using both a modified dilution-to-extinction method and 454-pyrosequencing. Rasamsonia is a recently established genus including thermotolerant or thermophilic species, five of which have been isolated from humans, including the emerging pathogen R. argillacea. A n...

Quick and accurate identification of microbial pathogens is essential for both diagnosis and response to emerging infectious diseases. The advent of next-generation sequencing technology offers an unprecedented platform for rapid sequencing-based identification of novel viruses. We have developed a customized bioinformatics data analysis pipeline, VirusHunter, for the analysis of Roche/454 and ...

1 Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, Merseyside, United Kingdom, 2 IRED, B. P. 433, N'Djaména, Chad, 3 IRD, UMR 177 IRD-CIRAD INTERTRYP, PNLTHA-Ministère de la Santé, Conakry, Republique de Guinee, 4 PNLTHA, Ministère de la Santé, Conakry, Republique de Guinee, 5 Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, 6 Institut Pierre Richet / Institut ...

High-throughput sequencing platforms are continuing to increase resulting read lengths, which is allowing for a deeper and more accurate depiction of environmental microbial diversity. With the nascent Reagent Kit v3, Illumina MiSeq now has the ability to sequence the eukaryotic hyper-variable V4 region of the SSU-rDNA locus with paired-end reads. Using DNA collected from soils with analyses of...

Let T be the family of open subsets of a topological space (not necessarily Hausdorff or even T0). We prove that if T has a base of cardinality ≤ μ, λ ≤ μ < 2, λ strong limit of cofinality א0, then T has cardinality ≤ μ or ≥ 2. This is our main conclusion (21). In Theorem 2 we prove it under some set theoretic assumption, which is clear when λ = μ; then we eliminate the assumption by a theorem ...