In this paper we develop a dynamic discrete-time bivariate probit model, in which the conditions for Granger non-causality can be represented and tested. The conditions for simultaneous independence are also worked out. The model is extended in order to allow for covariates, representing individual as well as time heterogeneity. The proposed model can be estimated by Maximum Likelihood. Granger...

Self-Employment: A Way to End Unemployment? Empirical Evidence from German Pseudo-Panel Data This paper contributes to the policy-relevant question whether self-employment is a way out of (long-term) unemployment. We estimate the relationship between the entry rate into selfemployment and previous (long-term) unemployment on the basis of pseudo-panel data for Germany in the period 1996-2002. Th...

Abstract The change of the liner material directly affects penetration and damage performance shaped charge. In this paper, Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr (TNTZ) was used as charge liner. Autodyn software to analyze jet formation TNTZ liner, then static explosion test conducted liners. following conclusions were obtained: A structure proposed for alloy, simulation shows that a with acceptable L/D ratio for...

The density and modulus of elasticity (MOE) distribution can provide information on the effectiveness parametric non-parametric methods in calculating characteristic value MOE. In this study, we aim to determine optimal model actual measured data lumber. We also estimate lumber’s MOE compare difference between natural planted larch. Approximately 1200 pieces dimension lumber 4 m × 140 mm 40 siz...

We attempted to separate species of the genus Clusia according to the concentration of linear alkanes (C25 and C35), and the presence and diversity of terpenes in epicuticular wax extracts. We collected leaves of 15 Clusia species growing in mountain forests of Panama (Cerro Jefe 1007 m and Altos de Campana 800 m a.s.l.) and from cultivated plants at two lowland sites. Leaf surfaces were washed...

In order to reduce the amount of cement required, improve workability, mechanical properties, and durability, have a positive environmental impact, supplementary cementitious materials are frequently utilized as partial replacement for in concrete mixes. this experimental investigation, effects employing waterproof supplemental such flyash, silica fume, nano along with water reduction agent wer...

The aim of this work is to analyze the factors that help companies avoid liquidation following spirit Spanish insolvency law. This focuses on phase starting when file for bankruptcy and ending with completion common phase. We apply agency theory explain how administrators court characteristics influence outcome process (liquidation or reorganization). unique accounting data from 2,627 filed dur...